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IIAATnN02 
AUOAOTIA SnKPATOTS KAI KPITS2N 



PLATO'S 

APOLOGY OF SOCRATES AND CRITO 



WITH NOTES CRITICAL AND EXEGETICAL 

INTRODUCTORY NOTICES 

AND A LOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE APOLOGY 

BY 

W. WAGNER, PH.D. 

PROFESSOR AT THE JOHANNEUM, HAMBURG 



FIRST AMERICAN, REVISED FROM THE THIRD ENGLISH EDITION 




BOSTON 

JOIIX ALLYX, PUBLISHER 

1877 



*& 



4 



Copyright, 1877, 
By John Alltn. 



LC Control Number 




tmp96 027679 



CAMBRIDGE : 
PRESS OF JOHN WILSON AND SON. 



PREFACE. 



The text of the present edition of the Apology and 
Crito is almost throughout in strict conformity with 
the Bodleian ms., deviations from which are admitted 
only in those places where other reasons seemed to 
render them absolutely necessary. The critical notes 
contain a complete account of all passages in which 
the text of this edition differs from that of Bekker. 
[In the second edition the text has been rectified and 
amended on the basis of a collation of the Bodleian 
ms., which I made in the spring of 1870 ; and in the 
Crito I have employed the valuable Tubingen ms. 
which I collated in July, 1870. Without boasting, I 
may now say that my edition of the Apology and 
Crito offers the most correct text extant.~] 

Throughout the work, it has been the editor's aim 
to be as brief and concise as possible. He has not 
attempted to be original, but carefully to use and 
arrange the materials amassed by preceding commen- 
tators ; and if this edition should be found to possess 
some merit of its own, it will no doubt consist in its 
arrangement, and in the manner in which the scholar- 
ship accumulated by others has been used and sifted. 
Those who possess only Stallbaum's edition may be 
inclined to think that much has been borrowed from 
him : but these persons are requested to study Priest- 
ley's Variorum edition in order to convince themselves 
that in reality Stallbaum frequently owes the better 
part of his illustrations to preceding commentators. 
Xow, just as Stallbaum takes much from other com- 



IV PREFACE. 

mentators without express acknowledgment, the pres- 
ent editor has thought himself entitled to use his 
predecessor's materials without always stating where 
this has been done ; though the direct loan of either 
a good observation or a learned quotation, which it 
would have been difficult to find without his aid, has 
always been acknowledged. Greater than to Stall- 
baum and the Variorum notes are the obligations the 
present editor owes to the excellent edition of Chris- 
tian Cron with German notes : of this the first and 
third editions have been used ; a fourth was published 
while the present book was in the press, but it has 
not been consulted. Although Stallbaum is right in 
describing this edition (p. 48 of his "Prolegomena") 
as "tironibus destinata," we venture to assert that 
there is more thought and originality in Cron's 
edition than in Stallbaum's; and a great deal of 
what will be found useful in our edition is derived 
from Cron. Besides Cron, only one more editor should 
be mentioned who has really done good service in the 
explanation and criticism of the Apology, viz., the 
late Mr. J. Riddell, whose edition was, afte"r his death, 
published at the Clarendon Press. Such as it is, it is 
the most original edition of the Apology published for 
the last century ; but unfortunately the work is, in 
many parts, quite imperfect, and at all events it can- 
not be said that it contains a complete exegetical com- 
mentary on the Apology. 

It is hoped that this work will be found useful by 
those who commence their study of Plato with the 
two pieces contained in it, as it is for their wants that 
the notes are intended. 



Hampstead Heath, 
March 8, 1869, 

[and Hamburg, 

November 8, 1874.] 



AUOAOTIA ZfLKPATOrZ. 



17 I. r/ 0, tl fiev vfiet^, & avSpes ^AOrjvalot, ireirovQare 
vtto tcov ifjLow KaTrjyopcov, ov/c olSa' iyco S' ovv icaX 
avrbs vir avrow oXiyov ifiavrov iire\a66firjv % ovtco 
ttlOclvgos eXeyov. kclitol dXrjOes ye, ch? eVo? elirelv, 
ovSev elprjfcacri. /jbaXicrTa Be avTcov ev iOav/xacra tcov 5 
ttoXXcov cov i^evcravTo, tovto iv co eXeyov go? -yjpi] v/jlcis 
evXaftelcrOai, fir) vir i/xov e^aTrarrjOrjre, co? Secvov ov- 

B tos Xeyecv. to yap firj alo"^vv0P)vat f ore avrUa vir 
ifjtov i^eXeyyQ qaovTai epyco, iireiSdv firjS* ottcocttlovv 
(palvoo/jUiL Seivbs Xeyecv, tovto /jlol eSo^ev avTcov aval- J o 
cryyvTOTCiTov elvat, el //,?/ dpa Setvbv KaXovaiv ovtol 
Xeyecv top tclXtjOPj XeyovTa* el /xev yap tovto Xeyovcrcv, 
OfioXoyoirjV av eycoye ov tcaTcc tovtovs elvai prjTcop. 
ovtol fiev ovv, cocrirep iyco Xeyco, rj tc rj ovSev dXrjOes 
elp^fcacrcv* v/jcecs 8' ifiov dfcovcrecrOe iracrav ttjv dXr)- 1 5 
6ecav. ov /jlsvtoc fid Ac\ co avSpes l 'AOrjvaloc, fcetcaX- 
XteivrjfjLevov^ ye \070u?, cocr-rep 01 tovtcdv, prf/jcacrc re 

C /cal ovofjeacrev, ovBe Kefcocr/jc-q/jievov^, dX)C dfcovo~eo~9e 

6 xpw Bodl. but v as it seems in an erasure ; so also Bekk. 
Stallb. and the other editors : xph " *C et corr B," i.e. only late 
mas. See Crito 4-3 i>, and exeg. connn. 14 ¥1 tl % om. in 
Bekker's text, hut the Bodl. lias fj t\ (corr. ti), and Bekk. himself ' 
adopts this in his notes. Perhaps a\7?0es is only a gloss from p. 2, 
'li. 15 5' €Jjlov Bekk.: 5e /xov the in — 



■■•• 



2 nAATfLNOZ 

el/cfj Xeyojuueva rot? eiriTvyovcriv ovo/nacrc iriarevco yap 
Si/cata elvai a Xeyco, teal firjSels v/jlcov 7rpoo~8o/cr]crdTco 
a'XXffl?' ovSe yap av Srjirov nrpeiroi, co avSpes, rfjSe rfj 
rjXacia coenrep ixeupa/ctcp irXdrrovrt Xoyovs els v/jbds 
5 elaievai. ical fjuevrot teal irdvv, co avSpes 'AOrjvaloL, 
tovto v/jLcov Seo/iai fcal iraplep,ai % eav Sta tcov ai/Tcov 
Xoycov dfC0V7]T€ fiov aTToXoyovfievov, 8l covirep etcoOa 
Xeyetv /cal ev ctyopa errl tcov Tpaire^cov, r iva v/jlcov 7roX- 
Xql d/crj/coacri,, fcal ctXkoOi, fjbrjre Bavfid^etv fjbrjre 0opv- D 

i° f3eiv tovtov eve/ca. eyei yap ovtcoctL vvv iyco irpcoTOV 
iirl hiKaarrjpiov dva/3sf3r}/ca, err] yeyovcos irXetco e/3So- 
/jbrj/covra* aTeyycos ovv %evco<? eyco rfjs ivOdSe Xe%eco$. 
coenrep ovv av, el tco ovtl $jevo$ ervyyavov cov, %vveyt- 
yvcoo-fcere Stjttov av jjlol, el ev i/celvrj tj) epeovf) re /cal tco 18 

15 TpoiTcp eXeyov, ev olcnrep ereOpd^jjiriv, Kal Srj ical vvv 
tovto v/jlcov heofiat 81/caiov, cos ye /jlol 80/cco, tov jjuev 
Tpoirov Trjs Xetjecos eav — lctcos fiev yap yeipcov, tcrcos Se 
fieXTicov av elrj — avTo Se tovto cr/coirelv ical tovtco tov 
vovv irpocreyeiv, el Sl/caia Xkyco rj fir/* SacacrTOV /lev 

20 yap avTr) dpeTrj, pr/Topos he TaXr/Orj Xeyeuv. 

II. UpcoTov fxev ovv Sl/catos el/it diroXoy^aacrOat, 
co dvSpes AOrjvatoi, irpbs tcl irpcoTa /jlov tyevSr) /caTrj- 
yoprjfjbsva /cal tovs irpcoTovs /caTt/yopovs, eireiTa Se Trpb? 
{\^rci v<TTepa /cal tovs vo~Tepovs. i/jLov yap 7roXXol /caTq- B 

25 yopot yeyovacri irpbs xj/jlcls /cal irdXai TroXXa t/Stj eTr/ 
/cal ovSev dXr/Oes XeyovTes, ou? iyco /jlclXXov cpofiov/jLac 
r) tovs d/icpV Avvtov, /calirep ovTas /cal tovtovs Setvovs" 
dX)C e/celvot SetvoTepoc, co clvSpes, ot v/jlcov tovs 7roWov$ 

8 Kal iirl Bodl. 11 ir\e(ca om. Bodl. and three other mss. ; 
but see the commentary. 16 cos ye fioi Bodl., &s j* ipol Bekk. 
with *DS. 17 yap ri Bekk., but ri om. Bodl. and most mss. 



p 



AnoAoriA snKPATors. 



etc irathcov irapaXafifidvovres eiretQbv re /cal /carr^yo-^* 
povv ifiov, o>9 ecrrt rt<; Xco/cpdrr]^, croc/>09 dv/]p, rd re 
fierecopa cppovrtarrj^ /cal rd virb 7779 diravra dve^rjTrj- 
/co)9 /cal tov ijttco Xoyov /cpetrrco irotcov. ovtol, co 
C dv&pes ' A6 i^valo i, ol ravrrjv ryv cpijfirjv tcaracr/ceSd- 5 
travres, ol Setvot etcrt fiov /car?]yopor ol yap d/covovres 
rjyovvrat rou9 ravra tyrovvTa? ovSe Oeovs vofii^etv. 
eiretrd elcrtv ovtol ol /cari'-jyopot iroXXol /cal ttoXvv 

yjpOVOV 77877 KCLTTjyopT] /C0T69, €TL $6 KCtl €V TCLVTT} TTJ 

rjXt/ctct Xeyovres 7rp09 vficis, ev fj dv fidXtara eiricTTev- I0 
crare, iralhes ovres, evtot 8' vptcov /cal fietpd/cta, dre-^yo)^ 
ip7]pL7]v /carr/yopovvres diroXoyovfievov ov8evo$. b 8e 
irdvrcov dXoycorarov, ore ovSe rd ovoptara olov re 

D avrcov ethevat /cal elirelv, ttXjjv el tls /ccoficoS lotto tos 
rvy^dvet cov ocrot 8e <j>06vcp kcu 8ta/3oXfj ^pcoptevot 1 S 
vfia? dveiretOoVy ol Be ical avrol ireiretcrfievot aXXovs 
TreiOovres, ovtol irdvres diropcoTaToi elcrtv ovSe yap 
dvafiijSdcracrOai olov r icrrlv avrcov evravOol ov$* 
eXey^at ovSeva, a\X' dvdy/crj dre^vco^; coairep a /c tafia" 
yelv diroXoyovfievov re /cal iXey^etv firjBevbs diro/cptvo- 20 
fievov. d^tcocrare ovv /cal vfiets, coenrep eyco Xeyco, 
8tTTov$ fiov rou9 fcarrjyopovs yeyovevat, erepovs fiev 

E tou9 apTL fcaTTjyoptfcravTas, erepovs he rou9 irdXat, 0&9 
eyco Xeyco, teal otrjOr/re Setv 777)09 etcelvovs rrpcorov fie 
diroXoy^craaOar /cal yap vfiet? e/celvcov irporepov fj/cov- 2 5 
aare /carrjyopovvTcov, teal iroXv fidXXov rj rcovSe rcov 

2 After i^iov the Borll. and other good mss. add fiaXXov ovh*\v 
a\r}0€s, though ficiWou is om. in some mss., which Bekk. follow 
Hermann brackets the whole expression, Cron omits it altogether. 
5 ol om. the mss., Bekk. Stallb. : added by Hermann. 6 axov- 
owt€s margo Bodl., aKovaavrts Bodl. in the text. 8 -noKvv yjBrj 
Xpovov Bekk. against the authority of the best mss. 



4 nAATflNOS 

vcrrepov elev diroXoyr]Teov Srf, 3) avhpes ^ AdrjvaZou, 19 
teal eiriyeipr)Teov vjjlgov e^eXeadat rrjv SiafioXrjv, fjv 

.. VJUL6LS iv 7ToXXo) %p0V(O €0-%€T€, TdVTTjV €V OVTG)? 6Xiy(p 
yj)OV(p. fiovXoLfjLTJV /JL6V OVV CLV TOVTO OVTCO y€V6(70CU, 

5 et tl a/me Lvov teal v/juv /cat ifiol, /ecu irXeov tl fjue ttoltj- 
ccu diroXoyov/jLevov ol/jbat Se avrb ^aXerrov eivai, kcli 
ov irdvv fjue XavddveL olov icrrcv o/jlcds tovto fjuev ltco 

% ottt) tw deep cfrlXov, tg3 8 6 vo/jlg) ireLcrTeov icaX diroXo- 

1> y rjreov. 

10 III. *Ava\d/3co/JL€V ovv e% &PXV$> Ti( > V fcctTTjyopta 
early, e£ rjs fj ep,r] 8ta/3o\r] yeyovev, fj Sr] /ecu 7TL(tt€V(ov B 
MeXrjros /me iypd^aro rrjv ypacf^rjv ravrrjv. elev tl 
Brj Xeyovres SteflaWov ol 8La/3dXXovre<; ; &or7rep ovv 
Karrjyopcov rrjv dvrco/juocriav Set dvayvoovcu avroov 

15 Sco/cpdrr)? dhucei teal irepiepyd^erai ^rjrcov rd re virb 
yrj$ koX ovpdvca, /ecu rbv tjttco Xoyov /cpeirrco itolwv, 
/cat aXXovs ravra ravra 8todcr/ccDV. rotavrrj rfc iarc 
ravra yap ecopare /ecu avrol iv rf) ' Apiarotydvovs C 
/cco/JbcpBicty Sco/cpdrrj tlvcl i/cei 7T€pi(f)€p6fjL€vov, (frdcr/covrd 

20 re depoj3arelv /ecu aXXrjv iroXXrjv (pXvaplav (pXvapovvra 
3)V eyeb ovSev ovre fieya ovre a/ju/epov irepL eiratay, zeal 
ov% ft)? drtfjid^cov Xeyco rrjv Tocavrrjv eiTLCTTiq^v, el tls 
ire* pi tg)V tolovtcov crocjfeo? ecrrt, \xr] 7Tft>? eyco vtto ikfe- 

v. Xrjrov ToaavTas Sl/cas <fivyoL/JLL* dXXa yap ifjuol tovtcov, 

4 orjroos Bodl. 7 ofioos Se Bekk. against £he Bodl. ms. 
12 MeAiTos Bekk/s text throughout, but in his note he says " scribe 
/ueXriTos cum Bodl. Dgu qui nusquam aliter." 16 tcl iirovpdvia 
Bekk. : the above reading is that of the Bodl. and other good 
mss. 18 Toiavra Bekk. : ravra Bodl. 19 ^.coKparrji/ Bekk. : 
crcoKpdrTj Bodl. 21 {xiKphv Bodl. cf. 24. 7, 14. ovSev considered 

spurious by Cobet Var. Lect. p. 299. 23 £<rrr [xi] iroos iyeb virh 
MeXirov ro<ravras 8'iKas (pvyoifxi ! Bekk. 24 rovrwv Bodl. : rcov 
roiovrcov Bekk. with the inferior mss. 



AnOAOTIA XnKPATOTZ. 5 

D co dvSpes 'AOrjvaloi, ovSev /jL€T6cttl. {idprvpas S' av- 
tov$ vjjlcov to us 7roWovs irapeyop^ai^ KOl d^LCO VjJLCLS 
aXkrjXovs StBdcr/ceiv re zeal eppd^eev, octoi e^ov ircoiroTe 
aKrjKoare StaXeyo/jLevov iroXXol 8e v/jlgov oi tolovtol 
elcn,' cppd^eTe ovv dXXrjXois, el ircoiroTe rj a/jit/epbv rj 5 
fieya yjtcovcre tls vficov e/xoO irepl tcov tolovtcov StaXe- 
yo/xevov kcl\ etc tovtov yvcocrecrOe otl toiclvt earl ical 
raXXa irepl ifiov a oi 7roXXol Xeyovcrtv. 

IV. 'AXXa yap ovre tovtcov ovSev eariv ovre y 
ec tlvos d/crjKoare co? iyco iraiheveiv eiri^eipco dv0pco- io 

E ttov? fcal yjpritLCLTa TrpaTTO/xaty ovSe tovto dXr)9e<$. eirel 
Kol tovto ye floe BoKel tcaXbv elvai, ec tl<$ olo$ t ecrj 
iraiheveiv dvOpcoirov? coairep Topyias Te o AeovTtvos 
zeal Upohucos 6 Kelos teal ^Iinrias 6 'HXelos. tovtcov 
yap efcacrTos, co dvhpes, 0I09 t eaTiv Icov eh e/cdcTTrjv 1 5 
tcov iroXecov tovs veovs, oi? e£eo~Ti tcov eavTcov ttoXltcov 

20 irpoltca ^vvelvai co dp fiovXcovTat, tovtovs ireiQovai 
to? eiceivcov ^vvovcrias diroXiirovTas crcptao %vvelvai 
Xprj/juaTa StSovTas real \dpiv irpooreihevai. eireX tcaX 
aXXos dviqp ecjTi Udpios ev9dSe crocjyos, ov iyco yaOo/jLrjv 20 
i7rid7)jjLovvTa* eTvyov yap irpoaeXOcov dvSpl 09 rereXe/ce 
Xpij/uUiTa cro(f)io-TaL<z irXeico rj IcypjiravTes oi aXXoc, 
KaXXcci tco e l7T7rovUow tovtov ovv dvrjpofirjv — io~Tov 
yap avTco Bvo vtee — co KaXXia, r)v S' iyco, el fiev crov 
tco viee ttcoXco rj jioa^co iyeveaOrjv, elyoycev dv avTolv 2 5 
eiriCTTdTr]v Xaftelv icaX fucrOcocracrOai,, 09 e/xeXXev avTco 

5 V/jLixphv Bodl., but the °* by m. 1. 7 tovtcov Bodl. : 

tovtov the edd. 9 ovtg y Bekk. : ovBe y the mss. 12 yc 
/lot the mss. : y 4/j.ol Bekk. with one ms. 14 kclI 'Iinrias the 
mss. : kcu 'Iinrias 5e Bekk. with only one ms. 19 trpos clScvat 
Cobet N. L. p. 465 saying that 7rpo(rei8eVaf cannot be Greek. 



6 nAATflNOZ 

KaXco re KciyaOco iroLr/aeLv rrjv nrpoarjKovaav aperrjw B 
rjv o' av o5ro9 r) tcov lititlkcov T69 r) tcov yecopytKcov vvv 
S* iireiSr) dvOpcoirco eaTov, riva avrolv ev vco eyeis 
eirLGTaTriv \af3elv ; tiV t?}? TOLavTrjs aperr)?, t% dv- 
5 0pco7rLV7]s re kal ttoXltlkt)^;, eTrcaTrj/jLcov early ; ol/juat, 
yap ae eaKecpOai Bed ttjv tcov vlecov KTrjatv. ecrro tl$, 
ecpr/v eyco, rj ov ; Haw ye, rj o 09. 1 W, rjv o eyco, /cat 
irohairos, ical iroaov BiSda/cet ; Evr/vos, ecjyrj, co %(OKpa- 
T€9, Udpios, irevre fivcov Kal iyco rov Evrjvov i/iatcd- 

10 pcaa, el a>9 dXr)9co$ ^X oi Ta ^ T V v T V V Te^vrjv Kal ovtcos C 
ififjbeXcbs hihacriceL. eycoy ovv Kal avros e/caWvvo/jLrjv 
re Kal rj^pvvo/jLrjv av, el rjirtarapb^v ravra* dXX! ov 
yap eTTLo-ra/jLat, co avopes ^A9rjvaloL. 

V. 'TiroXafioL av ovv T69 v/jlcov caw d\\\ co 

15 ScoKpares, to abv rtearL irpayfia ; iroQev at ScafioXal 
aoi avrai yey ovaaiv ; ov yap Srjirov aov ye ovSev tcov 
aXXcov irepiTTOTepov 7rpayjjLarevo/jLevov enreiTa roaavrrj 
c\>rjjxr] re Kal X0709 yeyovev, el fjurj re eirparre^ dXXolov 
rj ol iroXXor Xeye ovv rj/niv, tl eartv, Xva /jltj rj/jueis 

20 rjrepl aov avToayeoia^topuev. ravrl puoi SoKel BiKata D 
Xeyecv 6 Xeycov, Kayco v/jllv ireipdaoybai dirohel^ac, tl 
ttot ear 1 rovro b e/nol TreTrolrjKe to re ovo/jba Kal ttjv 
SiaftoXijv. aKovere 8/7. Kal cacos fiev So^co tlolv vficov 
irai^etv, ev /jl&vtoc tare, iraaav v/jllv ttjv dXrjOecav epco. 

25 eyco yap, co avSpes ' 'AOrjvaloL, 8c ov&ev aXX y rj Sea ao- 
cfrlav riva tovto to ovojJLa ea^rjKa. iroiav Srj aoc\>iav 
ravrrjv ; rjirep earlv tacos avOpcoirivrj aocpia. rco ovtl 

8 Evrivos Bodl. Bekk. Stallb. 9 Eurjvoj/ the same. 

10 exei Bekk. : but %x 01 ^ s tne reading of the Bodl. and other 
good mss. ; see note in the exegetical commentary. 11 eyeb 
yovv Bekk. : iyeb ovv Bodl. : tycay ovv Stephanus with most mss. 
14 $lv olv Bodl. and most mss. : ovv &v Bekk. with a few mss. 



AnOAOTIA XfLKPATOrX. 7 

yap teivBvvevco ravryv elvai crocpos' ovtoi Be tcl^ av 9 

E ot>? aprc eXeyov, fiel^co Tcva rj tear avOpcoirov crocplav 

aocfrol elev, i) ovte e^co tI Xeyco' ov yap Br) eycoye avri]V 

eiriarafiai, aXX! octtls cprjcrl ^revherat re teal eirl Bia- 

fioXfj rfj ifif] Xeyec. teal fxoc, co avBpes ' * A6r)vaioi, fir) 5 

0opv/3ijcr7]T€ } fii]& eav Bg^co ti v/jlcv fieya Xeyecv ov yap 

ifibv epco tov Xoyov, ov av Xeyco, aXX' eh a£ib^pecov 

{jficv tov XerpvTa avolcrco. tj)s yap ifir)?, el 8/] rk eo~TC 

aocplateal ota, fidpTvpa vpXv irape^ofiac tov 6ebv tov ev 

21 AeXcpoU. XacpecpcovTa yap tcrre irov. ovtos i/io? ts io 

eTalpo? rjv etc veov, teal bficov tco irXijOec eTacpo? re teal 

%vve(f)vye ttjv (f}vyi)v tclvttjv teal fie6* vficov teaTrfXOe. 

teal XcrTe 8t) ocos rjv Xacpecfxov, &>? crcfcoBpbs i<f> o,tc 

6pfjL7]<T€t,€. teal 8 1] 7Tore KoX eh AeXcpovs eXOcov iroX- 

pLTjae tovto fiavTevaaaOac 1 teat, oirep Xeyco, /jlt) 6opv- l 5 

fieiTe, & av8pe$- ifpeTO yap Br), el tcs ifiov ecrj croefxo- 

Tepo$. dvecXev ovv i) Tlvdla firjBeva crocpcoTepov elvat. 

teal tovtcov irepc o aBeXepbs vfilv avTov ovtoctI fiap- 

Tvp7]crei, ewe 187) eteelvos TeTeXevTTjteev. 

B VI. XteetyacrOe Be cov evetea TavTa Xeyco* fieXXco 20 

yap vfias BiBd^ecv, odev fioc rj 8ca/3oXi) yeyove. TavTa 

yap eyeb ateovcra? eve6vfiovfir)v ovTcocri tI iroTe Xeyec 

6 6eo<$, teal tI iroTe alvtTTeTac ; eyco yap 87) ovTe fieya 

ovTe GfjLLiepbv ^vvocBa ifiavTco croepbs cov tI ovv iroTe 

Xeyec cpdcTKcov ifie crocpcoTaTov elvai ; ov yap Bi]7rov 2 5 

^evBeTal ye' ov yap defies avTco, teal ttoXvv fiev 

yjiovov rjiropovv, tl iroTe Xeyec, eirecTa /jLoyts iravv eirX 

■ 
3 Ti Bekk. : hut rf is ^iven by the Bodl. and most mss. 
11 The words era7p6s re are considered spurious by Cobet Var. 
Lect. p. 2 ( ,)9. 19 rereAe irrTj/ce Bekk. Stallb. 24 o-fMixphv Bodl. 
liere. 



8 IIAATHNOZ 

^i]T7}(TLV aVTOV T0LCLVT7)V TLVOL eTpa7T0/JL7)V. TjXOoV €7TL 

Tiva tcov Sokovvtcov cro(f)(ov elvai, &>9 ivravOa, elirep 
ttov, eXey^cov to fiavrelov teal aircxfiavcov tg3 xprjafup C 

OTL OUTOCrl 6/JLOV (TOCJXDTepOS IcfTL, <JV S' €fl6 e(j)7]cr9a. 

5 ScaafcoTTCov ovv tovtov — ovojjlclti jap ovSev Seo/jLaiXe- 
yeiv, rjv Se tl$ tcov ttoXltlkcov, irpbs bv eyco ct/cottcov 
tolovtov tl eiraOov, & avSpe<; 'Adrjvaioi — koX SiaXeyo- 
fjuevos clvtq), eSo^e /jlol ovtos 6 avrjp So/celv fiev elvai 
cro<f)6$ aXXois re 7roXXol<; avQp&irois /ecu fiaXiaTa D 
i° eavro), elvai S' ov' Kaireira e7reipco/jL7]v avT<Z> Seifcvvvai, 
otl ololto fiev elvai crocjyos, eirj 8* ov. evTevQev ovv 

TOVTG) T€ a7T7]X06{JL7}V KaX TToXXoiS TCOV 7Tap6vTG)V 7T/30? 

i/mavrbv 8* ovv airiodv eXoyi^ojirfv on tovtov fiev tov 
avOpcoTTOV eyco aocfxoTepos elju* KivSvvevei fjuev yap 

15 rj/jbcov ovSeTepo? ovSev tcaXbv /cayaObv elSevai, ciXX* 
outos (lev oleTai tl elSevai ovtc elScbs, eyco Be, coairep 
ovv ovk olSa, ovBe otofiai' eoitca yovv tovtov ye ajjUKpco 
tlvl avTco tovtco crocficoTepos elvai, otl a jjLT) olSa ovSe 
otojJLai elhevai. evTevdev eir aXKov ya tcov etceivov 

20 Sokovvtcov ao(j)coTepcov elvaL, fcai /jlol TavTa TavTa E 
eSo^e' KaX evTavQa /ca/cetvep teal aXXois 7roXXols currr)- 

VII. MeTa TavT ovv rjhr] icpe^rjs rja, aladavo- 
fievos /lev KaX Xv7rovjjLevo<; teal BeSicos otl d7T7]^0av6jjirjv } 
2 5 6/jlcos Se avayicalov eSotcei elvaL to tov Oeov irepl irXel" 
gttov TTOielaOaL* LTeov ovv cncoirovvTL tov yjpy)cr \jlov , tl 
Xeyei, eTri airavTas tovs tl hoicovvTas elSevai. teal vfj 
tov Kvva, co avBpes 'AOrjvalor Set yap 7rpo9 vfias 
TaXrjOrj XeyeLV rj jxrjv eyco eiraQov tl tolovtov oi fiev 22 

4 ovroorl e/jLov Bodl. : ovr6s y 4/j.ov Bekk. with two mss. 



AnOAOTIA ZflKPATOTZ. 9 

/jLciXicTTa €v8ofCLfiGvvT€<; eSo^dv fioc oXiyov Setv rov 
irXeiarov ivSeels elvai Qtjtovvtl teard rov Oeov, dXXob 
he hoteovvres (pavXorepot eirLeLteecrTepoL elvac dvSpe? 

TTpOS TO (f)pOVLflCD$ €)(€LV. Set 8t] VfjLCV T?]V ifM7]V 7rXdvr/V 

eirthel^aL coairep ttovov? rivas ttovovvtos, Iva fiot teal 5 
dvekeyteTO? i) /jbavreta yevotro. /xerd yap tovs ttoXlti- 
/cou9 fja eirl tovs iroirjTa^ tov$ re rcov rpaycphtodv teal 

B tov<? rcov $idvpd/jL/3cov teal tou? aXXovs, co? evravOa eir 
avro(f)(jop(p tcaTa\r}\lr6/jL€vos e/juavrbv djiaOecrrepov iteei- 
vcov ovra. dvaXa/j./3dvcov ovv avrcov ra iroirjfiaTa, a 10 
fioL ihoteec fiaXtcrra ireirpayiiarevadai avrols, hiTjpcorcov 
av avrovs tl Xeyotev, IV a\ia tl teal fiav0dvotfiL Trap* 
avTcov. aio-yyvo[Lai ovv v/ilv elirelv, S) dvSpes, TaXrj0?y 
o/jlcos he pyreov. 009 67T09 yap elirelv oXiyov avrcov 
airavres oi irapovre? av /3£\tlov eXeyov irepl &v avrol 1 S 

C 67T€TTOLi)tC6crav. eyvcov ovv teal irepl rcov Troirjrcbv ev 
oXiycp tovto, on ov aopla rrotolev a iroiolev, dXXa 
(f)vo~et tlvI teal iv0ovaid%ovT€s, coairep oi 0eo\xdvTet^ teal 
oi xp7]o-n'(p8or teal yap ovrot Xeyovcn fjuev TroXXa teal 
teaXd, Hcracri he ovhev &v Xeyovat. tolovtov tl jjlol 2 ° 
i(f)dv7]crav ird6o$ teal oi iroLrjTal ireirovQoT^ teal a/jba 
ya66/jL7]v avrwv Sea rrjv ttoltjcflv olo/juevcov teal raXXa 
aocpcordrcov elvat dvOpdoircov, a ovte rjaav. dirfja ovv 
teal ivT€v0ev tco avra) olbfievos irepLyeyovevat, cpirep teal 
TWV 7toXltl/ccov. 25 

VIII. TeXevTcov ovv eirl tou9 yeipoTeyyas ya' 

D ifiavTQ) yap ^vvrjheLV ovhev iir terra fievrp, C09 eiros elirelv, 

16 eTT€TroL7}Ke(rap StephanilS with the hest mss. : ireiroiriKea-au 
Bekk. with only one nis. 24 avrw avrwv Bekk. with three 
mss., but avrcou is om. in the Bodl. and other good mss. rb avrb 
Bodl. text, tcoi avrcoL margin. 27 ^vur/dr) Bekk. against the 
mss. 



io nAATflNOH 

tovtovs Be y fjSeiv oti evprjcroi/jii iroKka teal teaXa 
&7rLGTajjL€.vovs. teal tovtov fiev ovte e^evaOrjv, a\\ y 
rjirtaravro a eyco ovte rjiriG-Td/jbr/v teal fxov ravrrj aocpay 
repot rjcrav. d\\\ & avbpes 'AOrjvaloi, ravrov jjloi 
5 eSo^av eyeiv a/jLaprrj/jLa, oirep teal oi iroirjTai, teal oi 
dyaQol Sr/uiovpyoi' Sid to ttjv Teyyr\v teaX£y$ e^epyd- 
%ecr0ai eteacrTO<$r)%iov teal raXka rdpueyLara ao(f>coTaro^ 
elvai, teal avrcov avrrj r) 7r\rjfifie\eia eteeivrjv ttjv cro- 
<j)(av diretepvTTTev cocrr e/me e/j^avrbv dvepcordv virep E 

10 rod xpTjcrjuLov, irbrepa Se^al/jur/v av ovtcds coairep e^o) 
eyeiv, pbrjTe rt <70</>09 cov ttjv eteeivcov crotylav firjre 
d/jLa9r)$ ttjv d/jiaOiav, r) djjbtyorepa a eteelvoi eyovaiv 
eyew. drreiepivdjiriv ovv ifiavTw teal tc3 xprjo-fup, oti 
/jLol \vcnre\ol cocrirep e^co eyeiv. 

15 IX. 'Ete ravrrjo-l Brj t?]s e^erdcrecDS, & avSpes 
'AOrjvaloi, irdXXal fiev dire^Qeiai puou yeybvaai teal 23 
olai yakeirodTaraL teal jSapvTarai, cocrre 7roWa? Bia- 
/3o\a9 dif avrcov yeyovevai, ovo/jua Be tovto \eyeo~0ai, 
ao(j)bs elvai. otovrac ydp /jue etedo~Tore oi irapovres 

20 ravra avrbv elvai aofybv, a dv aXkov e^eXey^co. to Be 
teivBvvevei, & dvBpes, tg3 ovti 0eb<; crocfrbs elvai, teal 
ev tg3 yjyr)crpbS) tovtcd tovto Xeyeiv, oti r) dv9 pcoir ivrj 
aocj)ia oXiyov Tivb? d%la earl teal ovBevos* teal cfralveTai 
tovto Xeyeiv tov Sco/epaTT), irpoatee'yjpr)a0ai Be tS e//,co 



1 ydr) Bekk. 9 aireKpvirrei/ all editors except Rid- 

dell, who espouses airoKpvTrTeiu given by the ms. $, air oKpvirrci 
Bodl. and other mss. 15 e£ea>s Bodl. which is perhaps right. 
But comp. 11, 14. 16 Cron omits 'A0r)va?oi here, and in his 
note says that the best mss. omit it also ; but the Bodl. ms. gives 
"'AOrjj/aToL here, though it omits it below 21. 24 tovtov Bodl. 
with most of the other mss. : tovto ' g et corr. D ' : tovt oh Bekk. 
after a conjecture of F. A. Wolf. See exegetical commentary. 



AnOAOTIA ZnKPATOTZ. ii 

ovofiarL, i/jL6 nrapdZeiyfia 7TOLoi>fievo<;, coairep av el 

ellTOL OTL OVTOS VjXCOV, CO dvOpCOTTOL, GofycDTCLTOS i(TTLP, 

B octtls coenrep ScdfcpaTrjs eyvcoieev otl ovSevbs aj^Los ian 
rfj aXrjOeia irpb? aocpiav. ravr ovv eyco fxev en teal 
vvv irepLicov t^r/Tco teal epevvco Kara rbv 6eov, zeal tcov 5 
cicttcov leal £evcov av riva otcofjuaL erocpov eivar kcli irrei- 
Sdv fxoi fJLTj So/crj, tco 6eco fiorjOcov evSei/evvfiaL OTL ou/c 
eo~TL erotf>6s. real xjito TavT7)<; t?)? dcryjoXias ovre tl 
tcov tt}? woXecos irpa^ai {Moo cryoXi] yeyovev a^tov Xoyov 
ovre tcov olfeelcov, dXX' ev irevia fivpia eljA Sea ttjv IO 

C rod Oeov Xarpelav, 

X. JTpo? he tovtols ol veoi jjlol eiraieoXovOovvTes, 
ol? /jLuXco-ra ct^oXtj ianv, 01 tow TrXovcTLcoTaTcov, auro- 
/larot yaipovaiv a/covovres e^eTa^ofievcov tcov avOpco- 
ircov, fcal avrol TroXXd/cLs e/xe {iLfjiovvTaL, elr eV^et- J 5 
povcTLv aXXovs e^erd^etv* /cdiretTa, oljiai, evptcr/eoverL 
7ro\\r)v dcpGovtav olofxevcov /xev elSevac rl dvOpcoircov, 
elSorcov Be oXlya rj ovSev. evrevOev ovv ol vtt clutcov 
e^era^o/jbevoi ifiol bpyl^ovrai, a\V ov% clutols, zeal 

D Xeyovenv a>9 Soofcpdrrjs tl<z eari fi tap cot euros teal 8ia- 20 
cpOetpei Tou? veovs* koX eiretBdv T£? clvtous epcora, o, tl 
iTOicov koX o, tl SiSdcrfccov, eyovcri fiev ovSev elrrelv, 
dX\! dyvoovcTLV, Xva Se firj So/ccoctlv diropelv, tcc kcltcl 
TrdvTcov tcov cpiXoo-ocbovvTcov izpbyeipa Tavra Xeyovenv, 
otl Ta fieTecopa /cal tcl vrrb yr}?, teal Oeovs firj vo/jbt^eLv, 2 5 
teal tov rjTTco Xoyov KpeiTTco iroLelv. tcl yap dXrjOf], 

1 ei is om. in the mss., add. by Stephanus. 4 fx\v ix<*v 

€ti Bodl. 6 tu3v \£v<av Bekk. and most editors : t&v om. 

Bodl. and three other mss. 15 elra Bodl. Bekk. 17 rl Bodl. : 
tl edd. 18 }j 6\iya 2) ouSeV Bekk. ; but the first ^ is om. in 
the Bodl. and other good mss. 19 a\\ 3 ovx avro7s Bodl., a\\ y 
ovk avrols DS, ovx avroh Bt'kk. with many mss. 



12 JJAATflNOZ 

olfiat, ovtc av eOeXouev Xeyecv, on KardhrjXoL ylyvovTai 
7rpoa7roiov/M€voL puev elhevat, elSoTes Se ovSev. are ovv, E 

olfJbCLL, (f)(,X0TLpL0L OVT€S KCU CFCpoSpol KOI IToXXol, Kal 
%VVT€Ta/jL€VCD<Z KoX TTlOaVCOS \ejOVT€<Z 7T€pl ifJUOV, €/jL7T€- 

5 irXrjKacriv vpucov tcl &ra zeal irdXai /ecu crcpoSpcos 8ta- 
(3dXXovTe$. etc tovtcov Kal MeXrjTos jjlol eireOero Kal 
*Avvtos Kal Avkcov, MeXrjros p,ev virep tcov ttoltjtcov 
d^OopLevos, "Avvto^ he virep tcov hrjpuovpycov Kal tcov 
ttoXitlkcov, Avkcov Be virep tcov prjTopcov ware, oirep 24 

IO apX°f ievo( > e V^ eXeyov, Oavfid^oi/ju av el 0I09 t etrjv 
iyco vpucov ravrrjv rrjv BiafioXrjv i^eXecr0at ev ovtcos 
oXtyco Xpovco ovtco 7roXXr)v yeyovvlav, ravr ecrTiv 
vjMVy co avBpe? 'AOrjvaloiy rdXr^Orj, Kal vficis ovre \xkya 
ovre crpiKpbv diroKpvtydpLevos iyco Xeyco ovB" virocrTei- 

15 Xdpuevos. KaiToi olBa cr%e8bv on tols avrols direyQd- 
vopuar b Kal TeKfirjpiov otl dXrjOrj Xeyco Kal otl avrrj 
Jxrrlv rj BtafloXr) ?) ifirj Kal ra cut to, TavT ecrTtv. Kal 
edv Te vvv edv Te av0i$ ^rjTrjarjTe TavTa, ovtcos B 
evpi^creTe. 

20 XI. Uepl puev ovv cov oi irpcoToi puov KaTrjyopoi 
KaTTjyopovv avTr\ ecrTiv iKavrj diroXoyia irpbs v/jlcls' 
7rpb<; Be MeXrjTov tov dyaOov Te Kal c^iXoiroXtv, co? 
cprjert, Kal tov$ vo~Tepov$ pueTa TavTa ireipdcropbai diro- 
XoyelaOai, av6i<; yap Brj, coenrep eTepcov tovtcov ovtcov 

25 KaTrjyopcov, Xd/3cofjbev av ttjv tovtcov dvTcopuocriav. e^ei, 

1 otofiai Bodl. but 3 the same ms. has olfiai. 4 |u*/- 

rerayjJLeucDS Bodl. and most mss. which Bekk. follows: £vv- 
Tera/uL€va)s ET. 9 See exeg. comm. 14 ^/aiKphu Bodl. : 

see n. on 4, 21. 17 ravr ecmu Bodl. : ravrd icrri edd. 21 

to 
ivTiv Bodl. : ea-rco edd. 23 airo\oyh<ra<rdcu Bekk. against the 
Bodl. and most good mss. 



AUOAOTIA ZnKPATOTZ. 13 

Be 7rw? SBe' ScoKpdrr/ (frrjcrlv aZuceiv tovs re veovs 
Bta^>6eipovra Kal Oeovs 07)9 r) 7roXis vofii^et ov vofxt^ovra, 

C erepa Be Baifiovia Kaivd. ro fjuev Brj eyKXr/fia roiovrov 
ecrrc rovrov Be rov £<yicXri[iaTos ev e/cacrrov e^erdo-co- 
fiev (f)rjcrl yap Br] toi>9 veovs dBtKelv fie BiafyOeipovra'. 5 
eyco Be ye, & dvBpes ^ AOrjvaiot, dBiKelv (ftrjfil MeXrjrov, 
ort crirovBf) yapievr i%erai, paBicos eh dywva Ka9icrra$ 
dvQpddirovs, irepl irpayfidrtav TTpoairoiovfievos cnrovBd- 
%ecv /ecu Ki)Bea6ai, wv ovBev rovrcp rronvore ifjueXr/crev 
C09 Be rovro oi5to)9 eyei, ireipdcrofiai Kal vfiiv emBel^ai. 10 

XII. Kal [jlol Bevpo, eo MeXrjre, elire' aXXo ri 
rj irepl iroXXov irotel, 07tg)9 C09 fieXncrroL ol vecorepoc 

D eaovrat ; "Eycoye. "IOl Br) vvv elire rovroc^, tis avrovs 
/3eXriov$ irotel ; BrjXov yap ore olaOa, fieXov ye croc, 
rbv/xev yap BiafyOelpovra i^evpeov, G09 <$>{/$, efie elcrdyec^ l S 
tovtolctI real Karrjyopel^ rbv Be Br) fteXriovs irotovvra 
Wi elire teal fir\vvaov avroh, ti? eariv. opas, & Me- 
Xrjre, on cnya^ icaX ovk e^ecs elirelv ; Kalroi ovk 
alcryjpov a 01 Bo/cel elvai Kal iKavbv reKfirjpcov ov Br) eya) 
Xeyco, on ctol ovBev fie/xeXr/Kev ; dXX' elire, & 'ya0e, 20 
T£9 avrovs dfiecvovs irotel ; Oi vojjlol. AXX* ov rovro 

E epcorSi, & fieXnare, dXXa rk avOpcoiros, oaris irpwrov 
Kal avro rovro olBe, tou9 vofiovs. Ovroi, & 2d)Kpares, 
ol BucacrraL Uw9 Xeyei-s, & MeXrjre ; olBe rovs veovs 
iracBevetv ololre elerc Kal fieXriovs irotovcn ; MdXtcrra. 2 5 
Uorepov diravre^, r) ol /xev avrcov, ol 8* ov ; a ' Airavre^. 
Ev ye vrj rrjv r/ Hpav Xeyeis, Kal 7roXXrjv dtyOoviav rcov 

6 76 which I om. in the first ed. is in the Bodl. ms. 
7 ayeeva Bodl. : ayuuas edd. 8 irpoairoioviAtvovs Bodl. 

10 Kal om. by Oobet Var. Lect. p. 200. 11 a \\o rt Tepl Bekk. 
against the mss. 25 ttol^v Bekk. with inferior mss. 



14 



UAATfLNOX 



co<f>e\ovvrcov. rl Se 8rj ; oiBe ol a/cpoaral /3e\TL0V$ 25 
iroLovaiv, rj ov ; Kal ovrot. Tl Se ol /3ovXevrai ; Kal 
ol /3ovXevraL *AW K apa, co Me\rjre,fjir] ol ev ry 
eKKXrjcrla [ol eKKXr\aiacrrai\ hia^Oeipovat rov? vecore- 
5 povs ; i) icaicelvoL fteXrlovs rroiovcriv diravre? ; Ka/ceivot-. 
Havre? apa, co? eoiKev, ' AQr\valoi koXov? KayaOov? 
TTOtovai 7rXrjv 6/jlov, eyco Se julovo? Sca(f)0eipco. ovrco 
Xeyet? ; TL aw crcj^oSpa ravra Xeyco. UoXXrjv y e/juov 
KareyvcoKa? Svcrrv^lav. /cat /jlol airoKpivar r) Kal 

i° ire pi Xirirov? ovrco trot hoKel eyeiv ol /juev fieXrlov? B 
nrotovvre? avrov? irdvre? dvOpcoiroi elvat, eh Be rt? 
6 8ia(j)0€ipcov ; rj rovvavrlov rovrov rrav eh /JLev rt? 
6 fteXrlov? olo? r cov iroielv rj irdvv oXtyot, ol lirirucoi" 
ol Be 7To\\ol edvirep tjvvcocrt Kal yjpcovrat Xiriroi?, Bia- 

15 cpOelpovcrtv ; ov% ovrco? ^X eLi ™ MeXrjre, Kal rrepl 
Xttttcov Kal rcov aXXcov dirdvrcov ^cocov ; nrdvrco? Brjirov, 
edv re o~v Kal "Avvro? ov <pr)re edv re cprjre* 7roXXr) 
yap civ re? euBac/jbovla etrj irepl rov? veov?, el eh pev 
fxovo? avrov? BiafyOeipei, ol K aXXoc cocf>eXovcrcv. dXXa 

20 yap, co MeXrjre, iKavco? erriBeiKwcrai on ovBeircoirore 
ec\>povricra? rcov vecov, Kal aacpeo? diroc\>aivei? rr)v crav- 
rov d/meXeiav, on ovBev ltol fJbe/jueXrjKe irepl cov ifie 
elcrdyec?. 

XIII. "En Be rj/ubiv elire, co irpb? Atb? MeXrjre, 

2 5 irorepov ecrriv oiKelv dfiecvov ev iroXlrat? ^prjcrroL? rj 
irovrjpoh ; & \av, diroKpivav ovBev yap rot ^aXeirbv 



1 ri Se 87/ Bodl. m. pr. : ri Sal 5^ Bodl. corr. and Bekker. So 
also in the next line. 4 The words ol iKKXtqo-iaffTai are con- 
sidered spurious by Cobet V. Lect. p. 299. 8 ye julov Bodl. 
11 airavres Bokk. : but iravres Bodl. and other good mss. 20 
Ikolvcos eVel 5e Ikclvws Bodl. 



ATIOAOriA SflKPATOTS. 15 

ipcoTQ). ov% oi fiev irovrjpol /ea/eov ti ipyd^ovrac tovs 
del iyyvrdrco eavTcov ovras, oi S' dyadol dya06v re ; 
TJdvv ye. "Ecttlv ovv 6<ttl<; jSovkerai virb tcov %vvov- 

D tcov fS\diTTea6ai jxaXkov i) co^eXelaOau ; drroKptvov, So 
'ya9e* teal yap 6 vo/xos /eeXevet diroKpiveaQai. ecrd' 5 
bans /3ov\erac fsXairTecrOcu ; Ov SrjTa. $epe Si], 
irorepov e/xe elcrdyets Sevpo cos ScacpOelpovra tovs veoo- 
Tepovs zeal 7rovrjpoTepovs ttolovvtcl e/eovra rj dzeovra ; 
'EzeovTa eycoye. Ti SrjTa, co MeXrjTe ; toctovtov crv 
i/jiov aocfzooTepos el TrjXczcovTov ovtos TTiXczeocrSe cov, io 
ware o~v fiev eyvoozeas otl oi fiev /ea/col zeazeov tl epyd- 

E £qvtcu del tovs fidXto-ra irXrjcriov eavrcov, oi Se dyaOol 
dyaOov eyco Be Srj els toctovtov d/xaOias r\zcco, cocrTe 
zeal tovt dyvoco, otl, edv Ttva fio^Orjpbv TroLr]aco tcov 
%vvovtcov, zcLvSvvevcrco tca/eov tl Xaj3elv air avTov, coo-re *5 

TOVTO TO TOCTOVTOV /CCL/COV eZCCOV 7TOLC0, COS (f)TJS GV ; TCLVTCb 

eyco aot ov ireiOofiaL, & MeXrjTe, ol/xat Se ovSe aXXov 
26 dvOpcorrcov oiSeva' dXX' rj ov 8ici(f)0eipco, rj el 8ia<p9elpco, 
dzecov, cocrTe crv ye kclt dficpoTepa tyevSeL. el Se dzecov 
hta^Oelpoo, tcov tolovtcov /ecu d/covcricov d/jLapTrj/uaTcov 20 
ov Sevpo vofios eladyetv eaTtv, dX)C IS la Xa/36vTa 
ScSdo-fceiv zeal vovOerelv SrjXov yap otl, edv \xd6co, 
Travaofxac b ye dzecov ttolco. crv Se ^vyyevicrdac /xev 
/jlol zeal SiSd^au ecjyvyes zeal ouze rjOeXrjcras, Sevpo Se 
eladyeLs, olvbfios eo~Tiv eladyetv tovs zeoXdaecos Seo/uLe- 2 5 
vovs, dXX! ov f±a6)]aeoos. 

XIV. 'AXXa ydp, co dvSpes y AOt-jvalot, tovto fiev 



4 oLTzoKpivov Bodl. : airoKpivai the edd. 16 rh om. Bodl. 
20 kclI axoxxrioju considered spurious by Cobet, who proposes tqov 
tolovtcov evtua afiapTTj/xaToot/. 



16 nAATHNOS 

BrjXov rjBrj early, b eyco eXeyov, ore MeXtfrco rovrcov B 
oiire /neya ovre a/nL/cpbp ircoirore ifjLeXrjcrev ofjucos Be 
Brj Xeye r\plv, 7reo9 fJie cprjs Biac\>0elpetv, & MeXrjre, rov? 
vecorepovs ; rj BrjXov Br) on Kara rrjv ypacprjv, rjv eypd- 
5 tyco, deovs BuBdcrKovra fir) vo/jul^eiv 01/9 r) ttoXis vofil^ei, 
erepa Be Bac/jbovta Katvd ; ov ravra Xeyet? ore 8l- 
BdcrKcov Biacf)0elpco ; Haw fiev ovv crcpoBpa ravra 
Xeyco. Ilpbs avrcov rolvvv, co MeXr/re, rovrcov rcov 
0ecov, cov vvv 6 Xoyos ecrrlv, elire en aac\>earepov teal 

10 ijubol ical T0Z9 dvBpdcn rovroiaL iyoo yap ov Bvva/jbao C 
fjuaOelv, irorepov Xeyet^ BiBdcrKeiv fie vo/jbl^ecv elvai riva^ 
0eov<$, Kal avrbs dpa vo/jll£co elvai 0eov$, Kal ovk el/xl 
rb nrapdirav a0eo<$ ovSe ravrrj dBiKCO, ov jxevroi ovcrirep 
ye rj ttoXls, dXX' erepovs, Kal rovr ecrriv 6 jjlol ey- 

15 KaXels, on erepovs' r) rravrdiracrl /jue (f>rj<; ovre avrbv 
vofil^ecv Oeovs rovs re aXXovs ravra BiBdcrKetv. Tavra 
Xeyo), ct>9 ro irapdrrav ov vofjut^et^ 0eov<;. ^fl Oavfidcrce 
MeXr/re, iva ri ravra Xeyets ; ovBe rjXiov ovBe aeXrjvrjv D 
apa vo/jlI^co 0eovs elvai, cocrirep oi aXXoi dv0pcoiroi ; 

20 Ma AC, So avBpes BiKacrral, eirel rbv /juev r/Xiov Xl0ov 
<f>rjcrlv elvai, rrjv Be creXrjvriv yrjv. ' Ava^aybpov oXei 
Karrjyopecv, & cf)lXe MeXrjre, fcal ovrco Karacppovei? 
rcovBe Kal otei avrovs direlpovs ypajm/jidrcov elvac, cocrre 
ovk elBevai ore ra ! Ava^ayopov fiiftXla rod K.Xa%op,e- 

2 5 vlov ye/ubec rovrcov rcov Xoycov ; Kal Brj Kal ol veoi ravra 
irap ejAov pbav0dvovatv, a e^eartv evlore, el irdvv rroX- 
Xov, BpaxfjLTjs eK rrj^ bp^rjcrrpa^ rrpiaybkvoi^ ScoKpdrovs E 
KarayeXav, eav rrpocrTroiryrai eavrov elvai, aXXcos re 

1 ov y ybi Bekker: o eyeb Bodl. and nearly all mss. 2 

fxiKpbv Bodl. 10 rots avhpaai considered spurious by Cobet 

V. Lect. p. 300. 



AUOAOTIA ZfLKPATOTZ. 17 

Kol oi5to)9 droira ovra. dXX d> irpos A cos, outcdctl croc 
Sokm ; ovSeva vo/jll^co debv eivcu ; Ov fievroc fxa AC 
ovS' 67rcQ(TTLovv. " ' Attmjtq^ y el, 6) MeXrjre, kcli ravra 
fievroc, C09 ifiol Soxecs, cravra). ifiol yap SoKec ovroat, 
a) dvSpe? 'AOrjvacoc, irdvv elvac v/3pccrri)$ kcli aKoXa- 5 

27 <TT09, fcal dre^yco^ ri)v ypacf)i)v ravrrjv v/3pec rcvl kcli 
aKoXacria kcli veorrjrc ypd-^raadac. eocKe yap tocrirep 
alvcy/xa ^vvrcOevrc Scairecpaypcevcp, apa yvcocrerac Sco- 
Kparrj^ 6 <ro(f)bs Si) i/jcov yapcevrc^oyukvov koX ivavrC 
i{iavT(p Xeyovros, r) i^airari]cr(o avrbv koX tov<z aXXovs IO 
rov$ aKovovras ; ovros yap i/xol (fralverac rd ivavrca 
Xeyecv avrbs eavrS iv rfj ypafyf), cocrrrep civ el etrroc 
dScKel ScDKpdrrjs Beovs ov vo/jcl^cov, dXXa Oeovs vofic- 
£(ov. Kairoc rovrb iarc TTai^OVTOS. 

XV. avveirco-Ke^aaOe Si], 3) avSpes, r\ jjloc <f>aive~ 1 5 
rat ravra Xeyecv crv Se i)p2v diroKpcvac, 3) MeXrjre, 

B vfjuel? Se, oirep Kar dp-%ds v/icis 7Tapi]rr]crdixT]v, \ie- 
livqaOe fjcoc fir) dopvfiecv, iav iv tg3 elo)66rc rpoircp rovs 
Xoyou? TroLco/iat. earcv ocrrcs dvOpdoircDV, 5) MeXrjre, 
dvOpcoireca fiev vofii^ec rrpdyfiar elvac, dvOpcorrovs Se 20 
ov vopcttec ; diroKpcvkaOo}, 5) avSpes, kol fir) aXXa koX 
aXXa 0opv/3eLrco' ea6* oarcs lirirovs fiev ov vofic^ec 
elvac, liriTLKa Se irpdyuara ; r) avXrjrds fiev ov vofit^ec 
elvac, aiXrjrcKa Se irpdyfiara ; ovk earcv, 5) dpccrre 



2 5ok&> ; and voi±i(a> are the readings of the Bodl. : the edd. 
omit the ; after 5. and read roplfav, 4 e>ol fxlv yap Bodl. : 

but Bekk. Stallb. and the other edd. omit fxku on the authority of 
many good mss. 8 £wti6€vti koI ^laireipccfieucc Bekk. : but 

teal is om. in the best mss. 12 avra> Bekk. : kavrw Bodl. ex 

added above the line by m. 2 in the Bodl.: cf. 11, 1. ' 15 §77 
the best mss. : 5e Bekk. 23 vofxi^i thai Bodl. efoai om. by 

Bekk. with many mss. of less value. 



1 8 TJAATfLNOZ 

dvhpoov el firj av fiovXeu diroKpivaaQai, iya> aoX Xeyco 
KaX tols aXXots rovroiaL dXXa rb iirl rovrfp ye dirb- 
Kpcvar ea6* oar is hai/juovta jiev vo/ml^eo irpdyfjuar elvat, C 
halfiovas he ov vofjii^ei ; Ovk earcv. f /2? covrjaas, on 
5 /jLoycs airefcpLVCQ virb rovrcovX avayfca^ofjuevos. ovkovv 
hatjjbovia fiev (firjs jjue KaX vofil^eLv KaX hthdaKeuv, elr 
ovv Kaiva elre rraXaid* dXX' ovv hat/xovid ye vofit^co 
Kara rbv abv Xoyov, KaX ravra /cal hccofioaco ev rfj 
dvTLypafyf], el Be hacfiovta vo/jll^co, KaX hat/novas hrjirov 

10 woXXrj dvdyKrj pofil^etv /jue eaTiv ov% ovtcds eyei ; e^eo 
S^ # TiOrjfjLL ydp ae 6/juoXoyovvra, i7reihr} ovk diroKpivei. 
rovs he hal/jLova? ov%X rjrot Oeovs ye rjyov/jueBa rj 9ewv D 
rralhas ; cf>rjs rj ov ; Tldvv ye. Ovkovv eiirep ha (/novas 
rjyov/jLaiy &>? av (f)fl$, el fiev deol rives elaiv oi haifioves, 

J 5 rovr av elrj o eyco fyr/ixi ae alvirreaOai KaX yapievri- 
£ea6ai, Oeovs ov% 7/y ov/xevov (pdvai e/xe Oeovs av r)yel- 
a6at irdXtv, eirethrjirep ye halfiovas rjyovyiai' el S' av 
ol haifjuoves 0eS)v 7ralhes elcri voOot nves rj e/c vvficfrcbv 
rj eK rcvcov aXXcov, S)V hr) KaX Xeyovrat, rfc av dv0pco- 

20 ttcov 8eS)v jxev iralhas rjyolro elvat, Qeovs he fxr] ; 6/jlolo)S 
yap av arorrov elr], warrep av el ns L7T7rcov fjuev iralhas 
rjyolro rj KaX ovcov [rovs rjfjbiovovs^ Xitttovs he KaX ovovs E 
fir) rjyolro elvat. dXX\ 3) MeXrjre, ovk eariv ottcos av 
ravra ovyl drroireip&ixevos rj/jLwv eypdyjrco rrjv ypacfrrjv 

2 5 ravrrjv rj diropwv b\ri eyKaXols e/juoX dXrjOes dhUrj/jLa* 
oVcl)? he av rtva rreiOoLs av KaX afjLCKpbv yovv vovv 



10 fxe Bodl. : if** Bekk. with three mss. 22 robs fjiiuS- 

vovs pronounced spurious by B&umlein. 24 tV ypa<p))v 

ravTiqv considered to be spurious by Cron and others : but see 
exeg. comm. 26 70?^ though om. in the edd. is now given 
on the authority of the Bodl. ms. 



AnOAOTIA ZflKPATOYZ. 19 

e^ovra dvOpcoTrodv, o>9 [ou] rov avrov ean Kal Saifiovia 
Kal Qela rjyelcrdaL, Kal av rov avrov fjbrjre Salfiovas y^ryre 

28 0eov$ /jl/]T€ tfpooas, ovSe/jLia jJM)X avi l ^ <JTLV ' 

XVI. 'AXXd yap, w avhpes ' * A6r)va2oi, o>9 fiev eyco 
ovk aStfcco Kara rrjv MeXrjrov ypaty'jv, ov iroXXrjs fiou 5 
Bo/cel elvat diroXoylas, aX\! iKavd Kal ravra' b 8e /cal 
ev tois €(Jb7rpoa6ev eXeyov, otl iroXkr] fioi aTr&xOeta ye- 
yove Kal 7rpo? iroXkovs, ev tare otl dXrjOes ian. Kal 
tovt ear iv b e/xe alprjaeL, edvirep alpf), ov MeXrjTOS 
ovSe "Avvtos, aXX' r) rcov 7roXXcov Sia/3oX7] re Kal <p06- I0 
z/09. a Brj iroXXovs Kal aXXovs Kal ayaOovs avSpa? 

B fjprjKev, olfiat 8e Kal aiprjcreiv ovSev Se heivov /jltj ev 
e/Jiol o~rjj. Lcrcos S' av ovv eliroi tl^ elr ovk alcrxvvei, 
& ScoKpares, tolovtov eTTLrrjhevfia eirLTrjhevcras, e£ ov 
KLvSwevets vvvl airoOavelv ; iyoo Se tovtcd av StKacov l S 
Xoyov avTeliroLfJu, otl ov KaXcos Xeyets, w avQpcoire, el 
olei Selv klvBvvov viroXoyt^eaOac rov ^rjv rj reOvdvat 
avSpa otov tl Kal cr/jLLKpbv oc^eXo? io~TLv, aXX' ovk 
eKelvo /jlovov crKoirelv, brav Trparrrj tl, Trorepov SiKaca 
rj aSiKa irpdrrei, Kal dvSpbs dyaOov epya rj KaKov. 20 

C (pavXoi yap av tg> ye aco Xoyw elev tcov rj/iiOecov octol 
ev Tpoict TereXevTrjKacrLv olre oXXol Kal 6 rrj<; QertSos 
vlos, 09 Toaovrov rov klvSvvov Kare^povrjo-e irapd to 
alaxpov tl viropuelvaL, cocrre e7rei8rj elirev r) /jLrjrrjp avrS 
TTpo-OvfjLov/jLevG) " ' EKropa diroKrelvaL, 6ebs ovaa, ovtcoctl 25 
7ra)?, &)9 €70) ol/juar 3) iral, el Ti/jLcoptfcreis IlarpoKXa) tg3 



1 ov is om. in some mss. and by the old editors, though given 
by the Bodl. : see note. av$p6s is added after avrov in some mss. 
and retained by Bekk. : the Bodl. and other good mss. omit it. 
19 TrpaTTT) ti only one ms. : ri is om. in all others. 26 iywfxai 
the edd. against the Bodl. : cf . 23, 6. 



2Q IIAATflNOZ 

eralpco tov tybvov /cal r/ E/cTopa airoicTevels, aurbs airo- 
Oaver avTi/ca ydp tol, (frr/crl, fjued' "E/cropa 7tot/zo9 
erolfio^ 6 Be ravr d/covaas tov /nev Oavdrov /cal tov 
Kivhvvov ooXiycoprjae, 7ro\v Se fidXXov Selcras to %r)v D 
5 jca/cbs oyv /cal T0Z9 (friXois p,rj Tificopelv, avrUa, (frrjcrl, 
reQvairjv 81/cr/v einOel^ tg3 d8i/covvTi y iva fjurj ev6d8e 
jmevco (caray&XacrTos irapa vrjval /copcovicnv a%6os apov- 
prjs. /lit) avrov otei fypovrlaai Oavdrov /cal KivBvvov ; 
ovTco yap eyei, & av8pe<$ * Adrjvaloi, rfj dXr/deia* oh av 

i° T6? eavrbv rd^rj i) rjyr/crd/jbevos jSekriarov elvai r) vir 
apypvTos ra^dr), evravOa 8el, o>9 e/juol 80 /eel, fjuevovra 
/Civ8vveveiv y fjurj8ev viroXoyi^bfjievov fJLijre Odvarov fjbtfre 
aWo jjurjhev irpb tov alcryjpov. 

XVII. ^Eyca ovv 8eiva av elrjv elpyao-fievo^, & av- 

15 Spe? *A07]valoL, el, ore /juev jjue oi apyovre? erarrov, 0&9 E 
v/jLels eXXeaOe dpyeiv jnov, /cal ev TLoTi8aLa teal ev 'A/n- 
(puroXei /cal errl ArjXitp, rore puev ov e/celvoi erarrov 
epuevov &cnrep /cat aXXos Ti<; /cal e/av8vvevov diroOavelv, 
rov be Oeov rdrrovTos, C09 eyco cprjOrjv re /cal vTreXafiov, 

20 cj)LXoo-o(f>ovvTa fie 8elv £r)v /cal e£erd£ovTa ifxavrbv /cal 
tou9 aXXovs, evravOa 8e tyoftrjOels rj Odvarov r) aXXo 29 
otlovv repay \xa Xlrroifii rrjv rd^iv. Betvbv fievr av ecrj, 
/cal a>9 dXr/Ocos tot av jxe 8i/ca(cD$ eladyou ns eh 8aca- 
arrjpiov, on ov vo/jLL^co Oeov? elvai arreiOoyv rf) jjuavreia 

25 /cal 8e8i(os Odvarov /cal olo/nevos crocjf>o9 elvai ov/c tov. 
to yap tol Odvarov 8e8ievai, <S dv8pe<;, ov8ev aXXo ' 
ecrTiv r) So/celv aocf>bv elvai fir/ ovra* 80/celv yap elSevai 

10 tj is expunged by one of the correctors in the Bodl. : but 
see exeg. coram. ^Ixticttov Bodl. and nearly all good mss.: 
$£\tiov Bekk. with 4>S. 22 {jl4vt Uv Bodl. marg. and most 
mss. : t&v Bodl. m. 1 and n*DS. 






AnOAOTIA SflKPATOTZ. 21 

iarlv a ov/c olSev. olSe fiev yap oiSels rov Qdvarov 
ov& el rvyydvei rco dvOpcoirco rrdvrcov pueyiarov ov rcov 

B dyaOcov, hehlaai 8' co? ev elSore? otl fieytarov rcov 
/ca/ccov iarL /cal tovto ttcos ov/c dfiaOia iarlv avrrj r) 
eTTOveLhio-Tos r) rov oleaQai elSevai a ov/c olSev ; iyco 8\ 5 
co av&pes, tovtco zeal ivravda lacos Siacpepco tcov 7ro\- 
\cov dvdpcoTrcov, /ecu el 8rj tco aocpcoTepo<; rov cpaiijv 
elvac, tovtco av, otl ov/c elScos i/cavcos irepl tcov ev rf Al- 
Sov ovtco /ecu olo/jLCU ov/c elSevac* to Se aSc/celv /ecu direi- 
6elv tco j3e\riovi, /cat Oeco /ecu dvdpcoirco, on /ca/cbv /cat IO 
alayjpbv ecrrcv olSa. irpb ovv rcov /ca/ccov, cov olSa otl 
/catcd ecrTLv, a fir) olha el tvyada ovra Tvyydvei ouSe- 
irore (£>o/3rjcro/jLaL ovSe cpev^ofxar coo-re ovo' el fie vvv 

C v/juel^ acpLere'AvvTCp dnTiaTi)aavTe^, o? ecprj r) tijv dpyifv 
ov Selv e/jue Bevpo elaeXOelv rj, iiretSr] elarjXOov, ov% J 5 
olov r elvai to fir) cnrotcTeZvai fie, Xeycov 77-/509 vfias a>9, 
el Stacpev^olfirjv, rjSr) av vficov oi vlels iiriTTjSevovTes a 
2cofcpciT7)<; SiBda/cei, Trcivres TravTairaai Scacjidaprjaov- 
rau, — el fioi irpbs ravra eliroLre* co Sco/cpares, vvv fiev 
'Avvtco ov ireiabfieQa, dX)C dcplefiev ere, iirl tovtco fiev- 20 
tol, €(/>' core firj/ceTL ev ravrrj rj) ^rjTrjaet Siarpifteiv 
/irjBe cpiXoaocpelv edv Se dXcps ere tovto irpaTTcov, diro- 
0avel' el ovv fie, OTrep elirov, iirl tovtois dcploiTe, eliroifi 

D av v/jllv otl iyco v/ias, & avSpes ^ AOrjvalot, daird^ofiai 
/xev /cal cpCKco, iretaofiai he /idXXov tco Oeco r) vfilv, /cal 2 5 
ecoairep av ifiirveco /cal 0I09 re co, ov /jltj 7ravcrco/iac epe- 
Xocrocf)cov Kal vplv irapa/ceXevopievo^ re ko\ ivheiKvvfie- 

5 V Bodl. : 5e edd. 9 Kal rb aireiBeiv Bokk. against 

the Bodl. 13 (pofi-nd-qo-ofiai Bekk. with four mss. (pofi-fac/uLai 

Bodl. and most other mss. 16 ol6v re Cron ; but Bodl. has t\ 
18 irat/TOLTraaiv Bekk. 26 iravawfjLai Bodl. and most other 

mss. : TTavGojjLaL Bekk. / 



22 IIAATflNOZ 

vos orcp av del evrvyydvco v/jlcov, Xeycov oldirep etcoda, 
ort co dp tare dvBpcov, " AQr\valo^ cov, iroXeco? rr)<$ p,eyt- 
0-7-779 Kal evBoKt/jtcordrrj^ et9 aocj)lav teal layyv, ^pr/pta- 
rcov p,ev ovk ala^vvet errtpteXovptevos, ottco^ aot earat E 
5 o>9 irXelara, Kal B6£r/<; teal rtptrjs, eppovtfaecos Be Kal 
dXrj0e(a<; Kal 7-779 1^1^779, oircos &>? /3eXriarrj earat, ovk 
eirtpbeXel ovBe cf>povrt£ets ; Kal idv 77,9 vptcov dpicpta/3r/rf) 
/cal cf)fj eTrtpteXelaOat, ovk ev6vs deptfaco avrbv ovS* 
diretput, dXk! eprjaopbat avrbv Kal e^erdaco Kal eXey^co, 

10 Kal edv fioc ptr) Bokjj KeKrr)a9at dperrjv, (pdvac Be, ovet- 
Btco ort ra rrXetarov a%ta irepl eXa^larov irotelrat, ra 
Be cf>avXorepa irepl irXeiovos. ravra Kal vecorepco Kal 30 
rrpea/3vrepco, orcp av evrvy%dvco, irotrjaco, Kal %evco Kal 
darco, ptaXXov Be tols darols, 6a co ptov eyyvrepco iare 

1 5 yevet. ravra yap KeXevet 6 0e6s, ev 'care, Kal eyco otoptat 
ovBev rrco Vfuv ptel^ov dyaObv yeveaOat ev rfj iroXet r) 
rrjv iptrjv rco 6eco vrrrjpeaiav. ovBev yap aXXo rrpdrrcov 
eyco rreptepypptat r) ire 19 cov vptcov Kal vecorepovs Kal 
7r pea/3 vrepovs firjre acoptdrcov errtpbeXela9at pbr]re XPV" 

20 pbdrcDV irporepov ptrjBe ovrco acf>6Bpa &)9 7-779 1^1^779, B 
07T(&>9 C09 dplarrj ear at, Xeycov ort ovk eK yjpr\pbdrcov 
dperrj yiyverat, dXX* e% dperrjs yjpiqpbara Kal ra aXXa 
dyaOd rot9 dv9pcoirot<; diravra Kal IBia Kal Br/ptoata. 
el fjtev ovv ravra Xeycov Btacpdetpco 7-01)9 veovs, ravr av 

2 5 eli] /3Xaj3epd' el Be 7-/9 /jte (prjatv aXXa Xeyetv r) ravra, 
ovBev Xeyet. 7rpo9 ravra, cpatr/v av, co ^ Adrjvalot, rj 



4 iirijULeXov/bLevos Bodl. : €Tri/j.e\6fiej/os Bekk. 7 afKpi- 

(rfirjTfi Bodl. : afupKrfirjT-fjcrri Bekk. 21 on om. Bodl. 22 

ra\\a the edd. against the Bodl. 26 & frvdpes 'ASyvcuoi 

Bekk. : but avdpes is 0111. in the Bodl. and five other mss. 



AnoAoriA znKPATorz. 23 

irelOeaOe ^ Avvtco rj /jurj, kcli rj dcfyieTe, rj fir) atylere, eo? 

C ifJiov ov/c av ironqcrovTOS aXXa, ov$ el fjueXXco 7roXXa/CL$ 
Tedvdvat. 

XVIII. Mr) 0opv/3etTe, avSpe? 'AOrjvacot, a\X 
ifjLfietvare fMot oh iSer)0r)v vjacop, pur) 0opvftelv, icf) oh 5 
av Xeyco, dXhJ d/coveiv* /cal yap, ft)9 iyco olfiat, 6vrjaecr0€ 
a/covovres. fieXXco yap ovv arra vplv ipelv real aXXa, 
itj> oh t<T&)9 ftorjcrecrOe' dXXa jjLrjSajjLcos Troielre tovto, 
ev yap tare, idv e/xe diro/cTeivrfTe tolovtov ovra, olov 
iyco Xeyco, ov/c ifie fiel^co flXayJreTe rj v/na? avrovs' ijie 10 
fiev yap ovSev av fiXdyfreLev ovre MeXrjTos ovre "Avv- 

D T09* ovSe yap av Bvvatro' ov yap ocofiat, 06/jLLtov elvai 
afieivovL dvSpl virb ^elpovo^ /3Xa7rTecr0aL. diro/cTelveLe 
fievr av TcTft)? rj i^eXaaeLev r) aTLficocreLev dXXd ravra 
o5ro9 f^ev lctcos oterac teal aXXos rh ttov fieyaXa /cared, 15 
iyco S' ov/c oi'ofiaL, dXXa 7roXv fjuaWov iroielv a ovto? 
vvvl 7T0L6L, avSpa d$l/cco$ liriyeipelv diro/CTLvvvvat. vvv 
ovv, co avSpes ' A6r)valoi, ttoXXov Seco iyco virep ifiav- 
tov diroXoyeZaOai, 0)9 tl$ av ololto, a\V virep vpucov, 

fjblj TL i£a{jLdpT7)T€ TTepl TT)V TOV 060V SoCTLV VfJLLV ifJbOV 2 ® 

E Karaylrr)cf)Lcrd/jL€voc. iav yap ifie airo/CT€ivr)Te, ov pa- 
S/o)9 aXXov tolovtov evprjcreTe, aTe^vcos, el /cal yeXoLo- 
Tepov elirelv, irpoaKelfjuevov ttj TroXet virb tov 0eov, 
coairep Xirircp fieyaXco fjuev /cal yevvaico virb fieyeOov? 
Be vcoQecTTepco /caX heopuevcp iyelpeaQai virb /jlvcottos 25 
Ttvor olov 8r) floe So/cel 6 0ebs ipue ttj iroXeu nrpocTTe- 

1 a<pi€T€ /x€ Bekk. : but /j.e om. Bodl. and five other rass. 4 
£> &v8p€s 'Ad. Bekk. : d> om. Bodl. and three other mss. 7 ipe?v 
v/jlTu Bekk. : v/x7v epelv Bodl. and three other mss. 12 olfiai 
Bekk. : olofxai Bodl. and five other mss. 14 aTi/nda-eiei/ the mss. : 
see explan. notes and Cobet N. L. p. 751. 15 /xev is in the 
Bodl. 



24 HAATSINOZ 

Oeitcevcu tolovtov tlvcl, 09 v/ulcls eyelpcov teal TreiQcov icaX 31 
ovecBi^cov eva e/caarov ovBev Travojxai rrjv rj/juepav o\rjv 
iravTayov 7rpoo~fca0l£(DV. tolovtov ovv aXXos ov paBloi? 
vjxlv yevr)aeTaL, to avBpes, aX)C eav e/juol irelOrjcrOe, 
5 <^eiaea0e /jlov vfiels S' icrcos Td% av d^ofJuevoL, coenrep 
ol vvard^ovTe<; eyeLpo/xevoL, KpovaavTes av /jl€, TreiQo- 
fievoL Avvrcp, paBlcos av aTrofcreivaire, elra rbv Xolttov 
fiiov Ka0£v8ovT€S SiareXotr av, el \xr\ riva aXKov 6 
0ebs v/jlcv eiriirepb-^eie tcrjBofjLevo? v/jlcov. otl K iyco 

IO TVy^dvG) COV TOLOVTOS, 0I0S VTTO TOV 060V TTj 7r6\€L Be- 

B6cr0aL, iv0evBe av KaravorjaaLTe" ov yap dv0pcoirLV(p B 
eoifce to i/ie tcov puev ipbavrov dirdvTcov rj/jLeXrj/cevaL /cal 
dveyea0aL tcov ol/celcov dfieXov/juevcov rocravra 77877 err], 
to Be vfteTepov irpaTTetv del, IB La eicdcTTCp irpocrLOVTa 

15 coenrep iraTepa fj dBeXcpbv irpeafivTepov, 7rel0ovTa eiri- 
p,eKeio~0ai dpeTr)<$. koX el fievTOL tl dirb tovtcov dire- 
Xavov teal fiio~0bv Xajifidvcov TavTa 7rape/ceXev6{ir}v, 
eiypv av Tiva Xoyov* vvv Be opaTe Br] /cal avToL, otl ol 
KaTTjyopoL TaXXa irdvTa dvaLcryyvTcos ovtco tcaTrjyo- 

20 povvTes tovto ye ov% oloi Te eyevovTo drravaLcryyv- 

Tr)aaL, 7rapao"x6(jLevoL fjbdpTVpa, a>9 iyco iroTe Tiva rj C 

€7rpa%dfjLr]v fita0bv rj fjTrjaa. l/cavbv ydp, olfiaL, iyco 

irapeyo\xai tov /udpTvpa,. a>? dXrj0r) Xeyco, ttjv irevlav. 

XIX. "Icrcos av ovv So^etev Utottov elvai, otl Btj 

25 iyco IBla jjlIv TavTa ^v/jb/3ovXevco irepLLcov koX ttoXv- 
7Tpay/jbovS>, hrjfjbocria Be ov toX/jlco dvaftalvcov eh to 

7r\r)0O<$ TO V/JL6TepOV %V/JLf3ovX€V6LV Tjj 7r6\€L. tovtov 

Be aiTLOv eaTLV o v/juels i/xov 7ro\\d/cL? d/cr//c6aTe 7ro\- 

16 fiev ri (without roi) Cobet V. L. p. 300. 23 a\r)67j &s 
Cron and Eiddell against the Bodl. 25 icoXvirpayiAovoov Bekk. : 
I follow the Bodl. 



AUOAOTIA ZnKPATOTZ. 25 

D Xa%ov XeyovTos, on fioc 9elov tl Kai Saifiovtov ylyve- 
rac [</>ow;], b Srj Kai ev rf] ypacfzr) eirLKco/jiopScov MeXrj- 
T09 eypdtycLTo* ifiol Se tovt earlv etc TraiSbs dp^djxevov 
(poop/] tl$ yiyvofievr], fj orav yev7]rac, del diroTpeirei /xe 
tovto b av /xeXXco rrpdrreLV, irpoTpeireu he ovirore* 5 
tovt ecTTiv 6 fioc evavTcovTac to, TToXiTLtcd irpaTTeiv* 
kol 7ray/cdXoL)$ 7' ifiol BoKel ivavTLovo-0ar ev yap tcrTe, 

6 dvhpes ' AQ-qvaloi, el iyco irdXat eTre-^elprjaa irpaT- 
Teiv tcl TToXiTLtcd irpdyfiaTa, irdXau av diroXooXri Kai 

E ovt av v[±a$ dxfieXijKr] ovSev ovt av ifiavTov. Kai fioc io 
fxj] ayOeade XeyovTt TaXrj6?y ov yap ecrTiv oo~ti<; dv- 
Opooiroov acodi)creTaL ovTe iifilv ovTe aXXop irXrjOeL ovSevl 
yvrjcrLcos ivavTiovfievo^ Kai StaKcoXvcov ttoXXcl aStKa 

82 Kai irapdvo/xa ev ttj iroXet yiyveadaL, dX\! dvayKalov 
eo~Ti tov T&i ovt 1 fia^ov/xevov virep tov BiKalov, Kai el l S 
fieXXet bXiyov yjiovov acodrjaeadai, IhtooTeveiv, dXXa 
fir] SrjfjLocnevecV. 

XX. MeydXa S* eycoye vfilv TeKfir\pia irape^ofiau 
tovtcov, ov Xoyovs, dXX' b v/iels TLfiaTe, epya. aKov- 
craTe Srj fiov tcl ifiol ^vfifteftrjKOTa, Xv elSrjTe oti ovb^ 20 
av evl vireiKaQoifii irapd to StKacov Selcras OdvaTov, 
fiii vireiKoov Be dfia Kai dfia av diroXoifirfv. ipw Se vfitv 
(j)opTLKa fiev Kai SiKavcKa, dXrjOrf Be. eyco yap, 3) 
'Adrjvaloc, aXXrjv fiev dpyifv ovhefitav irooTTOTe rjp^a ev 

B T?; iroXet, ifiovXevcra Se # Kai eTvyev rjficov rj <fivXrj 25 

2 (pooirfj considered spurious by ' vir quidara doctus apud For- 
sterum.' 5 tovto Bodl. : tovtov Bekk. and nearly all editors. 

7 ye fie 1 Bodl. 8 7raAai considered spurious by Cobet 
V. L. p. 300, N. L. p. 214. 10 Kai /moi fir) Bekk. without a note : 
Kai yA\ fioi Hermann comparing Phaed. 105, b. But Biddell justly 
observes that Kai uoi is a common commencement of a sentence in 
the Orators. 22 oifi av Bekk. : I follow the Bodl. 24 &v$ p€ s 
'A0. Bekk. : but avSpes is om. in the Bodl. 25 <pv\r} Bodl. marg., 
8ov\7] the text. 



26 IIAATflNOZ 

[^Avrio^h^ irpvravevovcra, ore vpuels rou9 Be/ca arpar- 
77701)9 tou9 ovtc dveXopuevovs tov? e/c tt/s vavpayia<$ 
ej3ovXeo~0e dOpoovs Kpivew, irapavopucos, a>9 ev tco 
vcTTepco yjpovcp iracriv vplv eSof e. tot eyco puovos tcov 
5 irpvTavecov rjvavTico0rjv purjhey iroielv irapd rot/9 vojjlov? 
[/cal evavTta eifrrjcfucrdpL'rjv^, /cal eTolpucov ovtcov ivSet/c- 
vvvai pue /cal dirdyeiv tcov pr/Topcov, '/cal vpucov /ceXevov- 
tcov /cal fiocbvTcov, pb€Ta tov vofjuov /cal jov St/calov 
coprjv puaXXov fie Setv Sia/ctvSvveuecv rj p,e9' vpucov yeve- C 

10 crQai pJr) hi/caua fBovXevopuevcov, cjyo/SrjdevTa hecrpLov rj 
OdvciTOV. /cal TavTa puev r)v 6TL SijpLOfcpaTovpLevrjs Trj<? 
TroXecos* €7r€i8r) 8e oXcyap^ta eyeveTO, ol Tpui/covTCt av 
pL€Ta7T€pLifrdpL€V0L p,e irepuiTTOv avTov eU ttjv. 96\ov irpocr- 
6Ta%av dyayetv i/c SaXapuvos AeovTa tov SaXap^lvtov, 

J 5 iv diroOdvoi* oca &r) /ecu aXXois e/cetvoi ttoXXols ttoXXo, 
irpoaeTaTTov, fiovXopuevoi a>9 ifXeicrTOVs dvairXr)crai al- 
ticov tote puevTou eyco ov Xoyco aXX' epyco av eveSet^d- 
pbrjv, otl epuol OavaTov puev pueXet, el pur) dypoucoTepov D 
7]v elirelv, ov$ otlovv, tov Se p,r/8ev czSlkov pbrjS* dvo- 

20 ctlov epyd^eaOat, tovtov 8e to irav pueXet. epue yap 
e/celvrj r) dpyr) ov/c i^eirXrj^ev ovtco<? Icr^ypa ovcra, 
cocTTe a&iKov tl epydaaaOat, dXX i7recSrj e/c tt/9 OoXov 
e^r/Xdopbev, ol puev TeTTapes coyovTO eh XaXaplva /cal 
rjyayov AeovTa, eyco Se coyopbr\v diricov 01/caSe. /cal 

25 lctcos av Sta TavT drredavov, el pur) r) dp^rj Sid Tayecov 
KaTeXvOrj* /cal tovtcov vpulv etrovTai ttoXXol pbdpTvpe^. 

1 'Kvrioxh bracketed by Cobet V. L. p. 300, 349. 3 ifiov- 
\€V(ra<T0e Bekk. : iPovAeade Bodl. and five other mss. 5 rjj/aj/rido- 
Qy\v vijuv Bekk. : but fy-uV om. Bodl. and two other mss. 6 The 
words kolI ivavria hf/7}(f)iadiur}v bracketed by Hermann. 19 l\v 
om. by Bekk. with only one ms. 26 vyXv Bekk. with the mss. : 
v/jlcoj/ Hermann cj. 



AnoAoriA znKPATorz. 27 

XXI. ^ Ap ovv av fie o'leaOe roadie errj 8iayeve- 
crOat, el eirpajrov ra Srj/nocria, Kal irpaTTcov d^lco^ dv- 
8pb<; dyadov eftorjOovv tols StfcaloLS Kal, cocnrep XP 7 !) 
tovto irepl irXetarov eiroiovywriv ; 7roXXov ye bet, & dv- 

33 8pe$ 'A0r]palor ov8e yap dp aXXos dvdpcoircov ov8el<$. 5 
dXX' iyco Std ttclvtos rov /3lov 8r)/jLocrla re, el irov to 
eirpa^a, tolovtos cpavov/juao, Kal 18 la 6 avTos ouro9, 
ov8evl irdoiTOTe Zvyytop^cas; ov8ev irapd to hlicatov 
ovTe aXXco ovTe tovtcov ov8evl, ou<? oi 8iaj3dXXovTes i/joe 
c\>acrov e/jiovs {ladrjTas elvao* iyco 8e 8i8dcrKaXo<; fiev IO 
ov8evb$ itcoitot iyevo/jbrjv el 8e r/? julov XeyovTos tcaX 
Ta e/jiavTOV irpaTTOVTO^ iirodvpuel dfcoveuv, elre veooTepos 
ecTe irpecrfivTepos, ov8evl TrcoiroTe icfidovqcra, ov8e XPV~ 

B /juiTa /jiev \ajjbj3dvcDV 8taXeyopbao, p,r) Xa/ji/3dvcov S* ov, 
dX\? ofjLolcos Kal irXovalco ical irevrjTO irapex^ e/xavTov x 5 
ipcoTav, Kal idv rt? j3ovXr]Tao diTOKpovbiievo^ aKOveov 
cbv av Xeyco. Kal tovtcov eyco core tis XP 7 1 (7T0 ^ ylyve- 
Tai eiTe firj, ovk av 8tKalco<; ttjv air lav virex 01 ^* ^ v 
pur\Te virecrxp^V v p*7]8evl /jir]8ev ircoiroTe fidOrj/jLa /jlt]T€ 
i8l8a£a* el 8e ti? cprjat Trap epuov ircoiroTe tl fiaOetv 20 
rj aKovcrai 181a, o,to fifj Kal oi aXXoo 7rdvTes, ev icrTe 
oti ovk d\r)6r) Xeyet. 

XXII. 'AXXa 8ca tI 8rj iroTe \xeT ejuuov xalpovcrl 
Tcves ttoXvv xpovov 8iaTpl/3ovTes ; aKrjKoaTe, cb av8pe$ 

C ^ AOrjvaloi' iraaav v/jllv ttjv dXrjOetav eyco elirov, oti 2 5 
aKovovTes x a ^P ovcrLV i^Ta^o/jcevoo^ tois olofievois puev 
elvat cro(f)OL<;, overt 8' ov* ecrTO yap ovk dr)8es. e/xol 8e 
TovTOy co? iyco cfirj/jLL, irpocrTeTaKTai virb tov 0eov 

9 ovs §7/ Bekk. : but 5^ om. Bodl. and most good mss. ejue 
Bodl. Jjckk. fj.€ other edd. 11 ris fxov Bodl. : ris efiov Bekk. 
12 i-KiQvfxo7 Bekk. : iiridv/jie? Bodl. and most mss. 21 otom. Bodl. 



28 nAATflNOS 

irpdrreiv koX e/c juavretcov tcai e£ evvirvlcov icai iravrl 
Tpo7T(t), (pirep r/? 7tot€ Kol aXKrj Qela fiocpa dvOpcoira) 
KaX otlovv Trpocrera^e irpdrreiv. ravra, & ' AOrjvaloc, 
teal dXrjOri ecrn /ecu eveXey/cra. el jap 8rj eycoye rcov 
5 vecov tov<z fjuev 8ta^>6eipco, tov<; 8e 8tecf>0ap/ca, XPV V -^ 
hrjiroVy elre rcves avrcov rrpecrjSvrepot yevofjuevot eyvco- 
crav on veoi<$ ovcruv avrols eyoo tcaicbv TrcoTrore n %vve- 
fiovXevcra, vvvl avrov? dvafiaivovras e/juov /carrjyopeiv 
/cat Tifi(opela6ai 9 el Be /jlt] avrol rjOeXov, rcov oltcelayv 

10 tivcls rcov i/celvcov, irarepa^ KaX d8eX<f>ov$ fcal aXXov? 
tov<z irpoarjKovra^, elirep vir ifjuov n featebv eireirovOe- 
crav avrwv oi ol/celoc, vvv fie/jLvrja0at. 7rdvrco<; 8e irdpei- 
atv avrcov rroXXol evravOol, oD? iyco 6pa>, irpcorov /uuev 
Kpircov ovroat, eyi&o? rjXiKLcbrTjs koX S^fjuorrj^, Kptro- E 

15 fiovXov rovSe irarrjp' eireira Avaavias 6 Scfrtfrrtos, 
Alcrylvov rov8e irarrjp* en *Avtm\>5)v Kr}§io-Levs ov- 
roal, ^Eiuyevovs Trarrjp* aXXot roivvv ourot, &v ol 
d8eX(f)ol ev ravrrj rfj 8iarpif3f} yeyovaat, NtKoarparo^, 
6 0eo^orl8ov 9 d8eX(f)b$ 0eo86rov — koXo fjuev @e68oro^ 

20 TereXevTTjicev, (bare ovk av etcelvos ye avrov Kara8er}- 
0eirj — , koX UdpaXos o8e, 6 Ar}/jLo86/cov, ov rjv Qedyris 
d8eX(f)6^' o8e 8e ^ASetfiavTos, 6 'Aplcrrayvos, ov d8eX<fib$ 34 
ovrocrl nxdrcov, tcaX Alavr68copo<;, ov *A7roXX68copo<; 
o8e d8eX(f)6<z. koX aXXovs 7roXXov$ e<yoo e^co vjuuv elirelv, 

1 fxavrsiobv Bekk. : fiavrdcov Bodl. and most good mss. 3 fodpes 
3 Ad. Bekk. : but &vdpes om. Bodl. and two other mss. 5 z/eW 
Bodl. and other good mss. : vecarepcov Bekk. 12 Af ter [xsfxvricrBai 
the Bodl. and other mss. add koX TiixtopeicBai, but as this is on 
the other hand omitted in many mss., Bekker saw that it was due 
to an interpolator. 16 en 8' Bekk. : but 8* om. Bodl. and 

four other mss. 19 OeoCoridov * : ©eooSoriSov Bekk. with nine 
mss. : deoCcoridov Bodl. and four others. 22 o5e Te Bekk. with 
two mss. : 5e Bodl. and the other mss. 



AnoAoriA znKPATorx. 29 

tov nva eyprjv f^dXtcrTa fiev ev tco iavrov Xoyco Trapa- 
cryeaQai MeXrjTov pudpTvpa* el Be Tore eireXdOero, vvv 
irapaayeaOcOy eyco Trapaycopco, /cal XeyeTco, el rt eyei 
tolovtov. dXXa tovtov irav TOvvavTtov evprjcrere, co 
avBpes, irdvras e/xol fiorjOelv eroLfAOV? tco BcacpdelpovTi, 5 
tco Kdfca epya£op,evcp tov? ol/ceiovs avTcbv, w? (fiacre Mi- 
ll Xtjtos /cal "Avvtos. avrol puev yap oi BtecfiOapixevot 
Tay av \6yov eyoiev f3or]0ovvT€S' oi he dBidcfidapTOL, 
irpecrfivTepoi rjBr) avBpes, oi tovtcov irpocrrjKOVTe^, rlva 
aXkov eyovai \6yov fiorjOovvres e/xol a\V rj tov opQov I0 
re /cal Sikcuov, on ^vvicracn M.eXrjTco fjuev ^evBopuevcpy 
ejjbol Be dXrjOevovTL ; 

XXIII. Elev Br/ y co avBpes* a fiev eyco eyoip! av 
aTToXoyelaBat, cryeBov eart ravra /cal aXXa lctcos tol- 
avra. Taya B' av tl<z v/jlcov dyava/crr/creLev dva\xv7]- 15 
C cr9el<$ eavrov, el 6 fiev /cal eXdrrco tovtov'l tov dycovo? 
dycova dycovt^opbevo^ eBerjOr) re /cal i/cerevcre tov$ Bi/ca- 
0-77x9 fiera ttoXXcov Ba/cpvcov, iraiBia re avrov dva/3ij3a- 
crdfievos, Tva ore fidXto-ra eXerjOelr], ical aXXovs tcov 
ol/ceicov /cal cfiiXcov 7roXXov<;, eyco Be ovBev dpa tovtcov 2 ° 
ttoltjctco, /cal TavTa /ctvBvvevcov, &>9 av So^at/jLt, tov 
ecrycLTOv /clvBvvov. rdy ovv tls TavTa evvorjeras avda- 
BecTTepov av 777309 fie cryolrj, ical dpyicrOeU avTols tov- 
tols OetTO av /xer' 0/377}? ttjv -^rrjefiov. el Brf 77,9 v/jlcov 
D ovtco<; €X €L > — °^ ^ ico A 6 ^ y^p eycoye* el S' ovv } eirc- 2 S 
ec/crj av /jlol Bo/cco 777309 tovtov Xeyetv Xeycov otc ipioi, 

11 on Bodl. and other mss. : %v Bekk. 14 ax^^vri Bekk., 
though ri is om. in nearly all mss., the Bodl. included. 22 rax 
av oZv Y>tVk. : but av om. Bodl. and four other mss. 26 \4yeiv 
\6yov Bekk. with four mss. : \eyeiv \4ywv Bodl. and the other 
mss. 



30 IIAATflNOZ 

co aptare, elcrl fjuev irov rives tcai ol/celor /cal yap tovto 
avro to tov Ufjirjpov, ovo eyco airo opvos ovo airo ire- 
rprjs irecpv/ca, dX)C e£ dvQpoairtov, ware /cal ol/celol fjuot 
elari /cal vleh, co avBpes 'AOrjvaXoi, Tpeh, eh p<ev fjueipd- 

5 KLovrjhr), Bvo Be iraiBia % a\V ojjlcos ol'Beva avTcov Bevpo 
avafiifiacrafievos Ber)aofiat v/jlcov dTroyfrrjcf^taacrOac. tl 
Br) ovv ovBev tovtcov irotrjcrco ; ovk auOaBt^o/jLevos, co av- 
Bpes 'AOrjvatoi, ovS* u/m? aTtfid^cov, aXX' el fjbev Qappa- E 
\ecos eyco e%co Tcpb<$ ddvarov rj fjarj, aXXos Xoyos, Trpb? 

io g' yp B6£av teal ep,ol /cal v/mv ical o\r) rfj jroXet ov pbov 
Bo/cel /caXov elvat e/jue tovtcov ovBev iroielv /cal tti\l- 
/covBe ovtcl /cal tovto tovvo/jlcl eyovTdy ecT ovv akrj6e<$ 
eiT ovv y}rev$os m a\V ovv BeBoy/juevov ye ecrTL to $co- 
KpaTrj BiacjyepeLV tlvI tcov iroXkcov dvOpcoircov. el ovv 35 

15 v/jlcov oi BofcovvTe? Biafyepetv elVe aocfyta etTe dvBpeta 
etTe ctXXrj tjtlvlovv dpeTj) tolovtol ecrovTat, alcryjpbv av 
eirj" oXovcrirep eyco TroWd/cts ecopa/cd tlvcls, otclv /cpi- 
vcovtcll, Bokovvtcis /nev tl elvat, 6av/jbdcTLa Be epya^ofie- 
vovs, a>9 Beivov tl olofievovs ireicrecrQai el dirodavovv- 

20 Taiy cocrirep ddavaTcov ecro/jbevcov, edv v/neh a&TOv<$ /mj 
diroicTeivr)Te* ot e/mol Bo/covcriv alcr^vvrjv ttj iroXei irepi- 
diTTeiv, coctt uv Ttva /cal tcov £evcov v7ro\a/3etv otl ol 
Btacfye povTes * A6r)vaLcov eh dpeTrjv, 01/9 avTol eavTcov ev B 
Te Tah dpyah /cal tclls aWa,L<; Tt/xah irpoKpivovcnv, 

25 ovtol yvvaiKcov ovBev Bcac^epovat. TavTa ydp, 5) avBpes 
1 AOrjvaloi, ovTe v/j,a<? yjpr\ iroielv tov<$ Bokovvtcls tcai 

4 vUls Bodl. with five other mss. : vleis ye Bekk. 5 

ovSeva Bodl., ouSeV the edd. 13 rb " n* et corr. CS " : t^ 

Bodl. and three other mss., and the reading r$ ^coKpdrei is de- 
fended by Riddell in his Digest § 183 (p. 188) : rbv Bekk. 26 
vfias Bodl. and most mss. : rj/xas Bekk. with two mss. of the infe- 
rior class. 



AnOAOTIA ZnKPATOTX. 31 

OTLOVV elvdi, OVT , CLV TjjJLels TTOtCdfieV, v/nas enrtrpeiretv, 
aXka rovro avrb evSeL/evva6at y ort iroXv /jlclWov Kara- 
^frijeptelerde rod ra iXeetvd ravra Bpdfjtara elcrdyovros 
teal Karayekaerrov ri]v iroktv ttolovvtos rj rod rjav^tav 
ayovro?. 5 

XXIV. Xeopls Se rrjs 80^779, & avhpes, ovSe 81- 

C leatbv /jlol So/eel elvat Setadat rod St/eaerrov ov8e Seo/jtevov 
dirocfyevyetv, aXXa hthdcneetv zeal rretdetv, ov yap eirl 
rovreo ledO-qrat 6 htieacrrrjs, eirl rep learayapi^ecrQat ret 
hiieata, aXX' eirl rep Kplvetv ravra* ical d/jtcofio/eev ov I0 
yaptelerQat 0I9 av Bo/ef} avrcp, dXkd St/ederetv Kara tou9 
vofiovs. ovie ovv xprj ovre rj/jtcis edl^etv vfias eirtopieeZv, 
ov6* v/jlcls e0i£ecr0ar ovSerepot yap av rj/jtoov everefioZev, 
/jltj ovv d^tovre /xe, & avBpes 'A0r)vaZot, rotavra SeZv 
7T/909 vfias irpdrretv, a pnqre r/yovfiat leaXct elvat /jtr/re J 5 

D Biieaia firjre ocrta, aXX&)? re fievrot vrj A [a irdvreo? teal 
dere/3eta^ e\>evyovra virb JVLe\r}rov rovrovt cra<£a)9 yap 
av y el TrelOoLfJLL v/ia<$ real rep 8eZer6at /3ta%oi{jt7)v 6/jloo/jLo- 
/coras, Oeovs av StBder/eot/jLt firj r)yeZo~0at v/acls elvat, koX 
dreyvm diroXoyovfjievo^ /carrjyopoirjv av i/iavrov a>9 20 
deovs ov vo/jll^cd. dXXa iroXXov Sec ovrcos eyetv vo/jtt^eo 
re ydpy el) avSpes ' AOrjvaZot, C09 ov&els reov ifiebv tearrf- 
yopeov, teal v/xZv eirtrpeireo zeal rep deep tepZvat irepl e/xov 
07T7) /xeXXet ifJLol re dp tar a elvat teal vplv. 



E XXV. To fiev /jlt] dyavaierelv, eo avSpes 'AdrjvaZot, 25 
errl rovreo rep yeyovort, ort fiov Kare^rje^taaerOey aXXa 

1 otiovu <i> : o-nriTiovv the other m$s. : diryriovv n Bekk. 16 
I follow the Bodl. #AAa>s re irdvroos, vt) Ala, [xaKiara yiivTOi koX 
Bekk. 



32 nAATflNOS 

T6 JbLOL iroXXa %v/jL/3dXXeTcu zeal OVK dveXlTLCTTOV /JLOl 36 
yeyove to yeyovbs tovto, dXXd 7roXv /jlclXXov 0av/jbd^co 
e/carepcov tcov tyrjeficov top yeyovoTa dpL0p,6v.\ ov yap 
(pjjLTjv eycoye ovtco Trap oXlyov eaeaOai, dXXa irapa 
5 ttoXv' vvv Be, ft>9 eot/eev, el Tpid/eovTa jxovai fxereireaov 
tcov yjrrjcfrcov, diroirefyevyr) av. MeXr)Tov pbev ovv, cos 
e/jbol Bo/ecb, zeal vvv diroirefyevya, zeal ov /jlovov diroire- 
cfievya, dXXa iravrX Br)Xov tovto ye, otl, el fir) dvejSr) 

"AvVTOS KoX AvKCOV KCLT7)yoprjCrOVTe$ i/jLOV, ZCCIV COcfxXe 

IO X l ^ a *> Bpa^jjuds, ov p<6Ta\a/3oL>v to irepnrTov fjuepos tcov B 
yjnj(f)CQV. 

XXVI. Ti/jlcltcu 8* ovv [lot 6 dvrjp QavaTOV. elev 
eyco Be Br) tlvos v/mv dvTLTL/jLrjcrofjLCU, co dvBpes *A6r)- 
valot ; rj BrjXov otl tt)? d£la$ ; tl ovv ; tl cl^los el/uu 

15 TraOelv r) aTTOTicrai, o,tl fjuaOcov ev tco /3/ft> ov% rjav^iav 
rjyov, dXX* dfjLeXrjcras covirep ol iroXXoi, xprj/naTto-jjiov 
Te zeal ol/covo/JLia? zeal crTpaTrjyiaw zeal Brj/jLTjyopLcov /ecu 
tcov aXXcDV dpycov /ecu ^vvco/jloctlcov zeal aTacrecov tcov 
ev Tjj TroXel ytyvo/jLevcDV, rjyrjcrdjuLevos e/navTov tco ovtl 

20 eTTieaeecTTepov elvcu r) coctt€ els ravr ovtcl crco^eadaL, 
evTdvda fiev ovze r\a, ol eXOcov firjTe v/jllv /jurjTe e/xavTco 
efieXXov fJLrjBev ocpeXos eivai, eirl Be to IBlcl ezeacrTov Icov 
evepyeTelv Tr)v /jLeylcrTrjv evepyecrtav, cos eyco cprjfjLL, iv- 
TavOa fja, eiriyeipuiv ezeacrTov vficov ireiQeiv \xr) irpoTe- 

25 pov fxr)Te tcov eavTov jxrjBevos eTrifjueXelaOcu, irplv eavTov 
e7n/jLeXr)6ei7), ottcos 009 fieXTLGTOs zeal (j>povi/jLG)TaTO$ 
eaoiTO, fJbrjTe tcov t?}9 TroXecos, irplv avTr)s Tr)<z iroXecos, 
twv Te aXXcov ovtco /ccltcX tov clvtov Tpoirov eirifjieXeZ- 

5 rpioLKovra Bodl. and five other mss. : Tpeis Bekk. 14 

rl ovv &. e. ir. Cobet V. L. p. 300 conformably to page 33, 1. 1. 
20 els ravr ovra Bodl. and four other mss. : els ravr iovra Bekk. 
with mss. of less value. 



AHOAOriA SflKPATOTS. 33 

D adar tl ovv eljiL ci^los iraOelv tolovtos cov ; dya06v tl, 
& civSpes *A0rjvaloL, el Bel ye Kara t?]v d^lav rfj dXr]- 
0ela Ttjiaadar Kal ravrd ye ayaOov tolovtov, o,tl dv 
irpeirou e/noL tl ovv irpeiret dvSpl irevrfTL evepyerrj, 
Beo/jbevco ayeiv cryoXy)v eirl ry v/jLerepa 7rapa/ceXevcrei ; 5 
ovk ecrO' o,tl /jlclXXov, co dvSpes ' A0r\valoL, nrpeirei ov- 
tcos, cos tov. tolovtov avSpa ev irpvTaveUp crLTelcr0aL, 
iroXv ye fiaXXov ?} el tls v/jLcov Xirirco r\ ^vvcoplSL rj 

E %evyeL vevlfcrj/cev ^OXvjJbiriaaLv. 6 /xev yap v/xas iroLel 
evSalfiovas So/celv elvaL, iyco Be elvaL 9 Kal 6 fiev Tpocprjs i° 
ovBev SeLTCLL, iyco Be 8£o/jlcll. el ovv Bel fie kcltcl to 

37 hUcLLOv tt)s d^las TLfxacrOcLL, tovtov tljaw/jlcll, ev irpv- 
Taveicp crLT>]crecos. 

XXVII. "Icrcos ovv v/jllv kcli tclvtl Xeycov irapa- 
7rXr)crLCQS Bokco XeyeLV coenrep Trepl tov olktov Kal ttjs j 5 
avTLftoXi] crews, a7rav0a8L%6fjLevos* to Be ovk ecrTLV, co 
* A0r\valoL, tolovtov, dXXa TOLOvBe fjbciXXov. TreireicrixaL 
iyco eKcov elvaL /xr/Beva dBLKelv dv0pco7rcov, ctXXd vfias 
tovto ov ire 10 co' oXiyov yap yjpovov aXXrjXoLS BLeLXey- 
/jLe6a m iirel, cos eyco/xaL, el rjv vplv vofios, coairep Kal 20 
aXXoLs dv0pco7TOLS, 7repl 0avcurov /jltj fjuiav rj/xipav [lovov 

B KpiveLv, ciXXci iroXXds, e7reicr07)Te civ vvv 8' ov JdciBlov 
ev yjpovcp oXlyco fieydXas BLafloXds diroXvea0aL. ire- 
TreLcr/jievos 8yj iyco fjbrjBeva dBLKelv ttoXXov Beco ifiavTov 
ye dhLKr)creLV Kal KaT i/mavTov ipelv avTos, cos dfyos 25 
elfjLL tov KaKov, Kal TLfiJ]crecr0aL tolovtov tlvos e/xavTO). 
tl Belcras ; r) fxr) ird0co tovto, ov MeXrjTOS /jlol TLfiaTaL, 

2 etSeye and rifiaa-Oc in the next line, Boril. 9 *0\v/j.- 

irida-iv Boril. Bekk. : see Gottling On Accents, p. 355. 16 S> avSfjes 
'Kdrivcuoi Bekk., but avfipes 0111. Bodl. with two other mss. 21 

fx6vov Bodl. : \x6vr\v Bekk. with two mss. 



34 nAATfLNOX 

b (j)7]/jii ov/c elBevac ovt el dyaObv ovt el /ca/cov icrrtv ; 
avrt tovtov Br) eXcofiac 3)v ev olS* ore /ca/cwv ovtcdv, 
tov TCfirjadfievo? ; iroTepov Beafiov ; /cal rl fie Set tfjv C 
ev Sea /jlcott] play, BovXevovTa rfj del Ka9i(TTa/jLevrj dp^fj 
5 [tol? evBe/ca] ; dXXa ^prj/mdrcov, /cal BeBea0at eco? av 
e/CTcaco ; dXXa ravrov fiol ecrriv, oirep vvv Br) eXeyov 
ov yap ecTTi fioi ^prj/juara, oiroOev e/CTLcrco. dXXa Br) 
(f)vyr)<; TLfjurjacofiau ; tcrco? yap dv fiot tovtov TifirjaaiTe. 
iroXXr) fievT dv fie ^CXo^vyjia eyoi, el ovtco? dXoyt- 

10 ctto? el fit, coaTe firj BvvacrOaL Xoyl^eaOat, otl vfjiel? fiev 
ovTe? iroXiTai fjbov ov% oIol T€ eyevecrde evey/celv Ta? 
ifid? BcaTpo/3a? /cal tov? Xoyov?, dXX' vfilv fiapvTepac D 
yeyovaari teal eirifyQov&Tepai, waTe ^TjTeiTe ai/Tcov vvvl 
a7raWayr)var aXXot Be dpa avTa? olaovGi paBico? ; 

l S ttoXXov ye Sec, 3) ^ AOrjvalor /caXb? ovv dv fioi /3lo? 
elrj e^eXdovTi TTjXiKcpBe dvOpdorrw aXXrjv e% aXXrj? 
\tt6\iv~\ iroXeco? dfieif&ofievcp ical e^eXavvopuevcp %r)v. ev 
yap oi$* oTiy oitoi av eX0co, XeyovTO? ifiov d/cpodaovTac 
ol veou coairep ivOd&e* icciv fiev tovtov? direXavvo), ovt 01 

20 eyu,e avTol e^eX&cTL, nreiOovTe? tov? 7rpea/3vTepov?' edv E 
Be fir) direXavvw, ol tovtcov iraTepe? T€ /cal ol/ceioi Bi 
avTov? TOVTOV?. 

XXVIII. "Icrco? ovv dv tc? eliror acycov Be /cal 
7]Gvyiav dycov, &> Hcb/cpaTe?, ov% olo? t ecrec rjfiiv 

2 €\oo/jLal n Bekk. : but ri om. Bodl. and nearly all mss. 
3 tovtov Bekk. and all the mss. : tov C. Meiser rhein. mus. 
xxiii 378*. 5 toTs eVSe/ca bracketed by Bekk. 8 ti/z^- 

croixai Bekk. : n/iifo-cofiai of all mss. only the Bodl. 9 After 

%xoi Bekk. adds & &vdpes 'AdrjvaToi, which words are however 
omitted by the Bodl. and two other mss. 14 paSlcos Bekk. : 
padicos; nescio quis. 15 fa/8 pes before 'Adrjj/cuoi added in Bekk.'s 
text, but om. Bodl. and two other mss. 17 ir6\it/ is added in 
only one ms. (not the Bodl.). 



AUOAOTIA XnKPATOTZ. 35 

e%eX0cov tftv ; rovrl Sr] eart iravrcov yaXeircorarov rrel- 
cral tlvcls v/jlcov. edv re yap Xeyco ore rco deep drretOelv 
rovr earl Kal 8ia rovr dBvvarov rjau^lav dyetv, ov 

38 ireiaeaQe jjlol o>? elpcovevopuevcp* edv r av Xeyco on Kal 
rvyydvei fieycarov dyadbv ov dvQpcoircp tovto, eKaariys 5 
rjfjuepas rrepl dperrj? tovs Xoyou? TroceZaOac teal rcov 
aXXcov, irepl &v vfjueZs e/xov aKovere BiaXeyofievov Kal 
ifiavrbv Kal aXXovs e^erd^ovTos, 6 Be dve^eraaro^ /3/o? 
ov ficcorbs dvQpcoircp, ravra B" ert rjrrov iretaeaOe /jlol 
Xeyovrt. rd Be €%€L fiev ovrcos, &)? eyco cprjfjLL, co av I0 
Bpes, rreiQeiv Be ov paBcov. Kal eyco dp? ovk eWca/xac 
ifjuLvrbv d^tovv KaKov ovBevo?. el puev yap rjv jjlol XPV" 
fiara, iri/jirjadfi^v av ^pr] fidrcov oaa efieXXov eKrtaetv 

B ovBev yap av i/3\d/3r)v vvv Be — ov yap eariv, el p/q 
dpa oaov av eyco Bvval/jLrjv eKrZaai, roaovrov (3ovXea0e T 5 
fjLOi ri/xfjaai. cacos 8* av BvvaipLrjv i/crZaat v/jllv fivav 
dpyvplov roaovrov ovv rifjucopiat. HXdrcov Be 6Be, co 
avBpes ' ' AOrjvaloi, Kal Kplrcov Kal KpiroftovXos Kal 
1 AiroXXoBcopos KeXevoval /jue rptaKovra fivcov ripurjaa- 
aOat, aviol 8' eyyvaaOar rifxcofiat ovv roaovrov, ey- 20 
yvr/ral S* vplv eaovrai rov dpyvplov ovrot d^ibyjpeco. 



XXIX. Ov ttoXXov y eveKa y^povov, co avBpes 

' AQr\valoi, ovo/xa e^ere Kal air lav virb rcov jSovXo/jLevcov 

ri]v iroXiv XouBopeZv, cos XcoKpdrrj drreKrovare, dvBpa 

aocpov cf)rjcrovo-i yap Br] fie croepbv elvat, el Kal pur] el\ii, 2 5 

01 fiovXopievoL bfuv bveiBl^etv. el ovv ireptep.eivare 0X1- 

16 bij.1v irov Bekk. : ttov om. Bodl. and five other mss. 24 

2o>/cpaT77*/ Bekk. against tlie Bodl. and the other good mss. 25 
5); without yue Bodl. 26 ei yovv Bekk. against the Bodl. and 

five other mss. 



36 IIAATnNOZ 

yov yjpbvov, airo tov avrofidrov av v/jllv tovto iyevero* 
6 pare yap Br) rrjv r/XiKiav, otl iroppco r/8rj earl tov 
/3lov, Oavdrov Se iyyvs. Xeyco Se tovto ov 7rpb$ irdv- D 
T<Z9 v/ias, dXXa irpos tovs e/iov KaTa-tyr/fyicra/ievovs 
5 OdvdTov, Xeyco Se Kal ToSe 7rpo9 tovs clvtovs tgvtovs. 
l / cro>9 /jl€ otea0e, 3) avSpes, diropia Xoycov eaXcoKevav 
TOLovTcopy 069 av v/ia<z €7T€icra, el co/jlt/v Seiv airavTa 
iroielv fcal Xeyeiv, wore diro^vyeiv tt/v Slkt/v. ttoXXov 
ye 8ei. dXX' diropia puev edXcoKa, ov /juevToc Xoycov, 

io dXXd toX/it/s /ecu dvaio-yyvTias Kal tov e0eXeiv Xeyeiv 
irpbs v/ia? ToiavTCi, of av v/jllv r/hicrT tjv aKoveiv, 0pr/- 
vovvto? Te [jlov kol oSvpo/ievov Kal dXXa itoiovvtos teal E 
XeyovTo? iroXXa /cal dvd^ia i/jiov, G09 eyco cprj/ju 9 ola $rj 
koX eWia0e v/uLels tcov aXXcov aKoveiv. dX)C ovTe TOTe 

*5 (irj0r}v Belv eveica tov kivBvvov irpa^ai ovSev dveXev- 
0epov y ovTe vvv /jloi /xeTa/ieXei ovtcos diroXoyr/cra/ievco, 
dXXa iroXi) /idXXov alpov/iai coSe diroXoyr/crd/jievo<$ 
Te0vdvaL rj e/celvcos tfqv ovTe yap ev 81/cr) ovt ev iro- 
Xe/ico ovt efie ovt aXXov ovoeva oei tovto /Lr/yava- ov 

20 (T0aiy 07T&)9 a7ro(f)ev^eTat irav iroicov 0dvaTov, Kal yap 
ev rat9 /Layout iroXXaKis SrjXov yiyveTai otl to ye 
diro0avelv av tls eKcfcvyoi Kal oirXa dcfrel? fcal ecf) l/ce- 
Teiav Tpairofievos tcov Sicokovtcov Kal aXXac p^yaval 
iroXXai elcriv ev eKacrToi<z to?9 kivSvvois, cocrTe Siacpev- 

2 5 yetv 0dvaTov, edv ti$ ToX/ia irav iroieiv Kal Xeyeiv, 
dXXa jult) ov tovt fj yaXenrov, & avSpes, 0dvaTov e/e- 

10 rov fx)) SQeAsij/ Bekk. : ^ om. Bodl. and four other mss. 
11 vfxiv fjikv Bekk. : y.ev ora. Bodl. and three other mss. Oprj- 
vovvt6s t €fMov Bekk. against the Bodl. 19 oftr* &\\ov Bekk. 
22 paov is added in modern editions after aTrodaveTj/, because 
Gaisford's collation led to the supposition that it was in the Bodl. : 
but I can positively state that pyov is not in that ms. I have there- 
fore again omitted it. 



AIIOAOriA SfLKPATOTZ. 37 

cpvyecv, dXXa 7roXv xaXeircorepov irovriptav* Qdrrov 
B yap davdrov 6ei. real vvv iyco puev are fipaSvs cov fcal 
irpeafiVT-qs vtto rov j3pahvrepov eaXcov, ol S' ifiol kclt- 
rjyopou are hecvol koX o^els ovres virb rov Odrrovos, 
ty}? /cafCLas. koX vvv iyco puev aireipLL vcf> vpicov Oavdrov 5 

SiKTJV 0(f)XcOV, OVTOL S' V7T0 Tl)$ dXTjdela? COcbXrj K0T6S 

fio^dr/ptav /ecu dhuciav. koX eycoye rco ripbr)p,ari e/x- 
pievco kcu ouroc. ravra puev irov Icrcos ovrco teal eSet 
ayelv, KcCi olfxai avrd /jberplcos ^X elv ' 

XXX. To Se 8rj fierce rovro irnQvpico vplv XPV" I0 
cr/jLoySPjo-at, co Karatyrjfyicrdpievoi p,ov kcii yap elpui r/Sr) 

C ivravOa, iv co pbdXuar dvOpcoirot xprjcr/jLcpSovo-LV, orav 
pbiXXcocriv arrodavelcrOaL. cprjpl yap, co avSpes, ot ip,e 
direKrovare, ripcopiav vplv i^eiv ev9v<$ pier a rov ipibv 
Qdvarov rroXv yaKeircorepav vrj AC rj oiav ipue direKrb- l 5 
vare' vvv yap rovro elpydcracrOe olopuevoL p,ev diraX- 
Xd^ecrOai rov ScSovat eXey%ov rov @iov y rb Se vplv 
rroXv ivavriov airo^rjaerat, co? iyco cprjpbt. rrXeiovs 

D ecrovrat vpas ol iXeyyovres, 0&9 vvv iyco Karefyov, 
vpiels Be ovk rjaddvecrOe* Kai xaXeircorepou ecrovrat 20 
oct co vecorepoi elcri, /cal vp,el<$ puaXXov dyavaicrrjaere, el 
yap oiecrOe arroKrelvovre^ dvOpcorrov^ iiTLCT'xfjCTeLv rov 
oveiSlt^eiv rivd vplv on ovk 6p6o)<; £V}re, ovk. opQcos Sea- 
voelcrOe* ov yap icr9^ avrrj rj diraXXayr] ovre rrdvv 
hvvarrj ovre KaXrj, dXX* eKeivr\ Kal KaXXicrrrj koX 25 
paarr], pi] tou9 aXXovs KoXoveiv, aXV eavrbv irapa- 



7 eywye Eodl. : iyev re the edd. 8 /ll€u ovu irov Bekk. : ovv om. 

Bodl. and four other mas. 16 elpydaacrOs Bodl. and five other 

tfpyaade Bekk. olo/n€uoi Bekk. without /j.ev, but as the Bodl. 

m. pr. and fire other mss. read oiofieuoi /xt, Tlermann rightly added 

/xeV. 23 ov Ka'A&s Bekk. : ovk opdecs Bodl. and many other niss. 



38 IIAATflNOZ 

<TJC€vd%€LV O7TG0? €(JTat ft>9 /3eXTLCTT0<;» TCLVTa /jL€V OVV 

v/jllv tols /carayfrr)(f)L(Ta/jLevoL<; /jLavTevcrd/ievos airaXkaT- 
To/mai. 

XXXI. Tols Se diro'^r^LcraiJbevoi^ ?;Se&)9 av Sta- E 
5 XeyQelr/v virep tov yeyovoTos tovtovl 7rpdy/jLaTos y ev & 
ol ap^ovTe? da^oXtav ay ova l ical ovttco ep^o/uai ol eX- 
Oovra fjue Sel TeOvdvaL. dXXd /jlol, & avSpes, irapa- 
fxelvare ToaovTov yjpbvov ovSev yap /ccoXveL $ia/jLV0o- 
XoyrjaaL irpbs dXXrjXovs, ecos e^eaTLV. v/mv yap 009 40 

10 <$>lXol<; ovcriv eirthel^aL iOeXco to vvvi fioL ^v/AfSefir/fcbs 
tl 7TOT6 voel. i/jbol ydp, 3) avSpes SucaaTaL — v/jlcls yap 
hc/caara^ tcaX&v opOcos av KaXoir/v — 6av\xdaLov tl ye- 
yovev* r/ yap elcoOvld /jlol /lavTLKr/ r/ tov SaL/ioviov ev 
fxev t& irpbaQev yjpovtp iravTi nrdvv irvicvr/ del rjv /cal 

l 5 irdvv eirl a/iLKpol^ evavTibv/juevrj, eX tl /ieXXoL/jLL /jltj 
6p9a)<z TTpd^eLV vvvi Se %VfjL/3e/3r]K€ /jlol, direp opaTe ical 
avTol, TavTL a ye Srj olrjOelr] av tl<; ical vo/xi^eTaL 
eG'XfLTa tea/caw elvaL. e/xol Se ovTe e^LovTL ecoOev oX/co- B 
Oev rjvavTLcoOr) to tov 6eov arj/ielov, ovTe v,viica dve- 

20 fiaLVOv evTavQol eirl to SLicaaTrjpLov, ovt ev tS Xoyaz 
ovSa/iov /jLeXXovTL tl epelv /catTOL ev clXXols XoyoL? 
iroXXa^ov Sr/ fie eireaye XeyovTa fieTa^v* vvv Se ov- 
Sa/iov irepl avTr/v tt/v nrpa^LV ovt ev epyco ovSevl 
ovt ev Xoycp rjvavTLCDTal /jlol. tl ovv atTLov elvaL vtto- 

25 Xa/i/3dvco ; eyco v/mv epco* KLvSvveveL yap julol to %v/jL/3e- 
fir/fcbs tovto dyaObv yeyovevaL, /cal ov/c ea& 07ra9 r//iels 
opO.cos v7roXa/if3dvo/iev, oaoL olb/jueOa icaicbv elvaL to 
TeOvdvaL. fieya /jlol Tetc/ir/pLov tovtov yeyovev ov yap 

22 vvv Bodl. : vvvi the edd. 23 avrfy Bodl. : ravTt)v the 

edd. 



AUOAOTIA ZnKPATOTS. 39 

eaO* ottgos ou/c rjvavTtdoOrj dv fjtot to elco0bs arj/jtetov, et 
fxr} tl e/uteWov eyco dyaObv irpdtjetv. 

XXXII. 'Evvorjcrodfiev Be zeal rfjSe, C09 iroWr) 
eXiTis iarcv dyadbv avrb elvat, Svotv yap Odrepov icrrt 
to TeQvdvay fj yap olov p,r)8ev elvat fjtrjS' ataOrjatv fjirj- 5 
Sefiiav fnjSevbs e^etv rbv TeOvecoTa, rj /card rd Xeybfjteva 
pberaj3o\rj Tts Tvyydvet ovcra zeal /jLeTolzerjats rfj ^v^rj 
tov T07rov tov evdevSe els dXXov tottov. Ka\ elre /jtrjSe- 

D fjiia a\'a6r]atseaTtv, aXk! olov vttvos, eiretBdv Tts zeaO- 
evScov /jlt]& ovap /jbrjSev opa, Oav/jtaatov zeepSos dv etrj I( 3 
6 0dvaro$. eyco yap dv olfiat, el Ttva ezeXe^dfievov Seot 
ravTTjV tt]v vv/cra, ev fj ovrco KareSapOev, coare fir]& 
ovap Ihelv, zcaX Tas aXXas vvzeTas re koX rj/xepas Tas 
tov j3iov tov eavTov dvTtirapaOevTa TavTrj tjj vvzctX 
Seot crzeey\rdfievov elwetv, irbcras dpuetvov zeal rjhtov rjfiepas J 5 
/cal vvzeTas TavTrjs 7-7)9 vvktos (3e(3icDzeev ev tco eavTov 

E j3i(p, ol/jtat dv firj otl IStcoTrjv Ttvd, dXXa tov fieyav 
/SaatXea evaptd/jtrjTovs dv evpetv avTov TavTas irpbs 
Tas aXXas rjfiepas /eat vvzeTas* el ovv tolovtov 6 6d- 
vaTos eo~TL, zeepSos 67(1)76 Xeyco* /caX yap ovBev irXetcov 6 2 ° 
iras %p6z^09 (patveTat ovtco Srj elvat i) jita vv£. el S' av 
olov d r Kohr\pJr\o~aL eaTtv QdvaTos ev0evSe els dXXov 
tottov, zeal dXr}6r) eo~Tt Ta Xeyofjteva, cos dpa ezeet elcrtv 
diravTes oi TeOvecoTes, tl fiel^ov dyadbv tovtov el'r/ dv, 

41 w dvSpes Si/eacTTaL ; el ydp Tts dcptzebfievos els r 'At8ov, 2 5 
diraXXayels tovtcov twv cpacrzcovTcov htzeaaTow elvat, 

7 t?is tyvxns Bekk. : rfj ipvxj) Bodl. with three other mss. 
Cobet V. L. p. 300 writes ^eroiKiais without rod rSirou tov : comp. 
Phsedo 117 c. 8 e^re br] Bekk. : 5r; 0111. Bodl. and many mss. 

26 TovTOiv Bodl. and five other mss. : tovtcoA Bekk. d>s a\r)6cos 
Bodl. " above the line, but in fir^t hand " aec. to RiddelL But it is 
not in first hand, the s instead of a being evidence of this. 



40 nAATfLNOZ 

evprjaei tovs d\r}0cb<; Sc/caard^, oiirep /cal Xeyovrac 
e/cel ht/cd^etv, Mivcos re /cal c Pa8d/jbav0v<; ical Ala/cb<; 

KaX TpLTTToXe/JLOS KCU aXkot 0CT0L TCOV rj/JLL06Q)V SlKCLLOL 

eyevovro ev rS eavrcov ftlcp, apa <pav\rj av eir) r) diro- 
5 hrjiiia ; rj av ^Opcj^el %vyy evecr0ai /cal Movcratcp /cal 
*H<tl6&g} /cal *0/j,7]p(p eiri iroaq) av tl<; Se^acr av v/jlwv ; 
eyco /JL6V yap iroWd/ct$ 0e\o) re0vdvai i el ravr earlv 
dXrj0rr iirel epuoiye ical avra) 0avfiaarr) av etrj r) Sea- 
Tpi/3r] avr60i, birore €VTV%ol/jll Ha~kap,r)heL /cal AlavTi B 

10 tg3 TeXapuaivos teal el ris aXko? twv irdXatcov Sid Kpiaiv 
aSt/cov re0vrj/cev. dvTLirapaftaWovTL rd epuavrov ird0r) 
irpbs ra e/celvcQV, 009 eyco olfiat, ov/c av dr/Se^ elrj. ical 
8rj to /Jbeyiarov, tovs e/cel e^erd^ovra /cal epevvwvra 
coairep tovs evrav0a Stdyetv, t/? avrcov <ro</>09 eart /cal 

l 5 T69 oterac puev, eart o ov. eiri iroacp o av tls, co avbpes 
Sc/caarai, he^atro e^erdaai rbv eiri Tpolav ayovra rrjv 
iroWrjv arpartdv rj 'OSvacrea rj Sto~V(jx)V, rj aXXov? C 
fjuvpiovs av Tt9 eliroi /cal avSpas /cal yvval/cas ; oh e/cel 
SiaXeyecr0ai ical ^vvelvat /cal e^erd^ecv apbrj^avov av 

20 elrj evhaipbovia*;. irdvrco^ ov Srjirov tovtov ye eve/ca ol 

e/cel air /ere lvov err rd re yap aXka evSai/jLoveo-repoL 

elauv ol e/cel rebv ev0d8e y /cal 77877 rbv Xouirbv ypovov 

d0dvarol elatv, elirep ye rd Xeyopueva d\rj0rj earuv, 

XXXIII. 'AXXa ical vpLcis %prj, S) avhpes 8c/ca- 

2 5 crraij eveXiriSa^ elvat irpbs rbv 0dvarov, ical ev tl tovto 



7 ei\(a Bodl. : ideXo the edd. 11-15 Comp. Madvig Adv. Crit. 1 
p. 368. 12 iyy/jLcu Bekk. against the authority of the Bodl. 

and three other mss. /eat add. before t6 by Bekk. but om. in Bodl. 
14 Tisaj/Bodl. 16 &yovra Bodl. with five other mss. : ayayovra 
Bekk. and all other editors except Biddell. 20 evdaijuovlas. 
irdvTcos the Zurich editors with five mss. evdcujULovias irdvroos. Bekk. 
with the Bodl. as it seems. 



AnOAOTIA ZfLKPATOTX. 41 

D BtavoelaOaL aXrjOes, otl ovk ecrrcv dvBpl dyaOco kclkqv 
ovBev ovre ^cjvtl ovre TeXevTijcravTL, ovBe d/xeXeiTaL 
vtto 0ea)v ra tovtov 7rpdy/jLara' ovBe ra ifia vvv airb 
rod avTOfidrov yeyovev, dXXd jjlol BrjXov ean tovto, 
otl rjBrj reOvavai fcal dirrfSXayOai TTpayfidrcov fiekriov 5 
rjv floe. Bed tovto kcu €/jL6 ovBa/xov direTpe^e to 
arj/xelov, ko\ eycoye tol$ KaTayjrrjcfyLcrafjLevoLS /iov /cat 

TOl$ KCLTTiyopOLS OV TTaW ^aXe7TaLVC0. KCLITOI OV TaVTT) 

TJ} Bcavola KaTetyrjcfii^ovTO /xov kcu KaTrjyopovv, dXX* 

E olofJbeVOL (3\dTTT€LV TOVTO CLVTol? CL^lOV fl€fJL(j)€0-6cU. 10 

ToaovBe fievTOL avTcov Beo/xaL* tovs vlels jjlov, eireihdv 
?;/3?;c7coct6, TLficopj]o~acr9e, & dvBpes, TavTa TavTa Xv- 
irovvTes, direp iyeb v/jlcL$ iXv7rovv, idv vpuv Bokcoctlv r) 
XprjfjLaTeDV r) aXXov tov irpoTepov iirifieXelcrOcu rj 
dpeTTjs, zeal idv Bokcoctltl elvcu fMrjBev ovres, ovecSt^eTe T 5 
avT0L$, coenrep iyco v/xlv, otl ovk iirLfieXovvTaL cov Bel, 

KCU 010VTCLL TL elvCLL 6We? OvBeVOS a^LOL. KCU idv TCLVTCL 
42 7T0irJT€, SlKCLLCL TTeTTOvOoOS iyeb eO~0jJLCLL Vcf> VfJitOV CLVTO? 

T€ kclI ol viel$. ciXXa yap 77S77 60 pa air Lev aL, i/juol jjuev 
dirodavovjievcpy vplv Be ^Lcocrop.evoL^ oiroTepoL Be rj/icov 2 o 
epyovTaL iirl d/ieLvov irpdypLa, dBrfXov iravrl 7tXj]v rj 
tco deto. 

L C 

15 ZokSjo-'i ri Bekk. whom I follow : Bokwcti t\ Cron in order to 
emphasize rl. 17 oiovrai ri Bekk. ; oXovrai r\ Crou. 



KPITflN. 

ta tot AiAAoroT nposnnA 
ZflKPATHS, KPITflN. 



I. Ti TTjvtfcdSe acfrlfjaL, co Kpircov ; r) ov 7rpd> en 43 
ear iv ; 

KP. TIdvv fiev ovv. 

Sfl. Urjviica fiaXcara ; 
5 KP. "Op0pos padfc. 

2f2. Gavfid^co, oVaj? rjOeXrjcre croc 6 rod Seo-ficoTT)- 
plov cf)v\al; viraicovcraL. 

KP. awrjOr]^ rjDrj fioi icrrcv, &> Scofcpares, Sea to 
7ro\Xd/CL<; Sevpo cpocrdv, kcli ti teal evepyeTrjTat vtt 
10 ifiov. 

2f2. y 'ApTi he tf/cets rj irdXat ; 

KP. ^EirLeLicais irdXai. 

2f2. EIto, 7rw? ovk evdvs eirr\yeipd<; fie, aXXa B 
criyjj irapa/cdOrjaac ; 
l S KP. Ov fid tov AC, w ScotcpcLTes, ouS' av aurbs 
r)6e\ov iv TOcravTr] re dypvirvia teal Xvirrj elvat. dXXa 
kcli gov iraXau davfid^co alaOavofievos ft>9 rjhecos icadev- 
Sew teal eirLTrfhes ere ovk rjyeopov, tva 009 rfhuaTa ^07779. 



44 IIAATflNOS 

Kal TroWdfcis fiev h)rj ere Kal irpoTepov ev ttclvtl tc3 /3/&> 
evhaifiovicra, rov Tpoirov, iroXv Be fjuaXiara ev rfj vvv 
irapeardxrrj tjvfjL<fiopa y C09 paBicos auTrjv /ecu irpdco^ 
(jiepeis. 

2 12. Kal jap av, & Kplrcov, TrXrjfjL/jLeXes eirj ay a- 5 
va/crelv ttjXlkovtov ovra, el Bel 77877 reXevrav. 
C KP. Kal aXXoc, 3) ^Gofcpares, ttjXikovtol ev tol- 
aurats ^v/jL(f>opal<; aXla/covrat, dX\? ouBev avrov? eiri- 
Xverat r) rjXiKia to firj ov^l ayava/crelv rfj irapovarj 
tv^tj. 10 

2<f2. "Ecttl ravra. dXXa ri 8rj ovrco it pep atyL^ai ; 

KP. 'AyyeXiav, w ^ebfepares, (frepcov ^aXeirrjv, ov 
aoi, C09 ifiol (patverat, dX\! e/juol /cal tch9 crofc eiriTr)- 
Se/06? Tract Kal ^aXewrjv Kal fiapelav, rjv eyeo, C09 efjuol 
Sokco, ev rots fiapvrar av eveyKaijju. IS 

212 . Tiva ravTTjv ; rj to irXolov d(pLKTat eK ArjXov, 
D ov Set dcpiKo/jbivov TeQvdvai p,e ; 

KP. Ovtol Srj a<f>LKTai 9 dXXa BoKet fjuev fiou r}%eiv 
TTjixepov e£ &v drrayyeXXovcnv r)K0VTe<$ Tives dirb 
Sovvlov Kal KaTdkiTTOVTes eKel avTo. BrjXov ovv etc 20 
tovtcov tcov dyyeXcov oti r\%ei Trj/juepov, Kal dvdyKrf Br) 
els avpeov ecrTat, co HcoKpaTes, tov /3lov ere TeXevTctv. 

II. 212. *AXX\ co KpiTcov, Tvyy) dyaOfj. el Tavrrj 
toZs Oeols fyiXov, TavTrj eaTco. ov fievTOi dl/iai r\^eiv 
avTo Ttj/jbepov. 25 

44 KP. UoBev tovto TeKfiaipei ; 

212. *Eyu) ctoi epS). ttj yap nrov vcrTepala Set fie 
diroOvr^crKeiv fj fj av eX6rj to irXolov. 

21 tcov dyyeXcov is bracketed by the modern editors : but see 
exeg. note. 22 io-avpiov Bekk. with only two mss. etV avpiov 
Bodl. Tub. m. 1. 



KPITflN. 45 

KP. <Pa(TL ye roc 8rj ol tovtcov Kvptoi. 

2 12. Ov tolvvv ttjs eiriovarj^ rffiepas olfjLCLL avrb 
rj^etVy dXka r>}? erepas. TeKfiatpofiat 8e etc tlvos ivv- 
irvlov, o ecopa/ca 6\tyov irporepov tclvttjs ttjs vvktov 
5 kcu Kivhvveveus ev Kaipto tlvl ovk eyelpai fie. 

KP. ^Hv Se 8rj tl to evvirviov ; 

2f2. 'ESoKet rt9 floe yvvr) irpoae\6ovaa KaXr) kolX 
eveiSi]?, \ev/ca ifidrca eyovcra, KaXeaat fie teal elirelv co 
^(OKpaTes, rffiarL icev TptTaTco QOirfv ipi/3co\ov lkolo. B 

10 KP. C /2? CLT01T0V TO eVVTTVLOV, CO ^COfCpCLTeS. 

XT2. 'Evapyes fiev ovv, cos ye fioi 8o/cei s co Kpvrcov. 
III. KP. A lav ye, cos eoiKev. ak\\ co Batfiovce 

ScOKpCLTeS, €TL KoX VVV ifiol ITelOoV KCU CTCoOrjTL' COS i/JLOL, 

iav crv diroOavrfs, ov fila %v/icf)opd eo~Tiv, aXka %co/W 

l 5 fiev tov eaTeprjaOau tolovtov eirLTrjhelov, olov eyco 

* ovSeva fir/ TTOTe evprjaco, eTi Se teal nroXkols 861~co, ot 

i/ie /ecu ere fir] cracfrcos Hcracnv, cos olos T cov ere efco^eev, G 

el i]8e\ov dvaXicr/cecv ^pr}fiaTa y dfie\r\crai. kclitoi tis 

dv alcryjcov eir\ TavTrjs 86%a r) SoKecv yjpr)fiaTa irepl 

20 irXelovos iroielaQai r) cf)lXovs ; ov yap ireiaovTai ol 

iroWoi, cos crv avTos ovk r)dekr]aas dirievai evOevSe 

rj/icov irpoOvfiovfievcov. 

%fl. ^AWdTL7]fjbLv f S) fiaKapie Kpvrcov, ovtco ttjs 
tow 7toWwv So^rjs fieXet ; ol yap eirieiKecrTaToi, cov 
2 5 fidXKov d^tov cppovTt^etv, r)yi]aovTai avTa ovtco 7T6- 
irpd^daiy coairep dv irpayQrf. 

KP. 'A\\' opas S>; otc dvdyKrj, co 2ci)KpaTes, Kal D 

10 d>s above the line in the Bodl. and om, in Tiib. 11 ys juloi 
Bodl. Tiib. and five other mss. y €>ci Stephanus and Bekk. 
15 tov Sallier and Bekk.: <rov the mss. but in the Bodl. in late 
hand over the traces of an older reading. 



46 nAATflNOZ 

TTj<$ rCOV TToXXcOV B6%7]<$ fJLeXetV. aVTCL Be BrjXa TO, Trap- 

ovra vvvi, ore oloi r elcrlv oi iroXXol ov ra er/jut/cporara 
rcov ica/ctov e^epyd^eerOat, dXXa ra jjueyierra er^eBbv, 
edv ri? ev avroLS BLa{3e/3Xr}fjLevo<; y. 

5 Xf2. El yap to<fieXov, to Kpircov, oloi r elvat oi 
rroXXol ra /juey terra ica/cd epyd^eerdat, iva oloi r rjerav 
teal dya8d ra fjtey terra, kal /caXcos av etye* vvv Be 
ovBsrepa oloi re' ovre yap cfzpovt/jtov ovre deppova 
Bvvarol irotr)trat, irotovert Be rovro o,rt av rv^coertv. 

10 IV. KP. Tavra pbev Brj ovrcos e^erco* rdBe Be, to E 
Stb/cpares, elire fjtot. apd ye /nrj e/jtov 7rpo/jtr}8et icaX rtov 
aXXtov errtr^Beitov, ptrj, edv erv evOevBe e%eX0rj$, ol 
crvKO(j)dvrai rj/jttv irpdy\xara rrapeywertv a>? ere evOevBe 
e/c/cXe^lraert, teal dvay/caerOto/jtev rj /cal iraerav rrjv overiav 

15 dirojBaXelv rj ervyyd yjpr\p,aTa, rj /cal aXXo ri irpb? 
rovrot? rraOelv ; el yap ri rotovrov (po/3et, eaerov avrb 45 
yaipetw rj/jtets yap nrov Bi/catoi eer/jtev ercoeravre? ere 
/ctvBvvevetv rovrov rbv /civBvvov real edv Bey ere rovrov 
jjuei^to. dXX* ijuuol ireiQov /cal fir) aXXtos rroiet. 

20 Xf2. Kal Tavra Trpo/JtrjOovfjtat, to Kpircov, fcal aXXa 
TroXXa. 

KP. Mijre roivvv ravra <£o/3o£r /cal yap ovBe 
iroXv rapyvptov eerrtv, OeXovert Xafiovres rtve? ertoerai 
ere /cal e^ayayetv evOevBe. eiretra ovy^ opas rovrov? 

2 5 rov<? ervKocjydvra? go? evreXet?, /cal ovBev av Beot eV 
avrovs iroXXov apyvpiov ; erol Be virdpyei /Jtev ra eptd B 
Xptf/xara, go? eyco olfiat, t/cavd* eiretra /cal ei ri ifiov 

5 T ' Bodl., re Tub. 6 ipydCeardai Bodl. Tub., Qepy. the - 

edd. t Bodl. Tiib., re the edd. 7 av nal ay. the edd., but 
av om. Bodl. and Tiib. 27 eya/mai Bekk. and the other editors : 
€70? olfxai Bodl. Tiib. and two other mss. : cf. p. 40, 1. 12. 



KPITI2N. 47 

K7)86/jL€VO<; ovk ocet Setv dvaXiaKeiv rdfid, %evoi ouroi 
\_ev0doe~\ eroifjuot dvaXiaKeiv eh 8e Kal KeKOfitKev eir 
avrb rovro dpyvpiov Ifcavov, Xi^fiias 6 Sr}j3alo^ eroi- 
fios 8e fcal Kef3r)s Kal aXXot ttoXXoI rrdvv. tbare, birep 
Xeyco, fiyjre ravra (frofiov/juevos diroKafjurj^ aavrov acoaaL, 5 
fit)T€ b eXeyes ev rco StKaar^plq) 8va%epe<; aot yeveaOco, 
ore ovk av e%0L<; i^eXOcov o, tl %p&>o aavrcp' rroXXayov 

C fjuep yap koX aXXoae orroi av d(j)tKrj dyairr]aovaL ere* 
eav be (SovXrj eh QerraXtav levac, eialv e/mol i/cec %evoL f 
oi ae ire pi iroXXov iroirjaovrai Kal dacpdXetdv aoi IO 
rrape^ovrai, coare ere fjbrjbeva Xvirelv rebv Kara Qerra- 
Xiav. 

V. "En he, & %coKpare<z, ovbe biKaibv fioc So/ceh 
emyeipelv irpdyfjia, aavrov irpobovvat, et;bv acod^var 
Kal roiavra arrevbeis; irepl aavrov yeveadav, drrep av r 5 
fcal oi e^Opoi aov arzevaaiev re Kal earrevaav ae bia- 
(f)0ecpai /3ovXo/jL€VOL. 7rpo9 be rovrots Kal rovs vleh 

D robs aavrov e/jbotye boKeh rrpobubbvai, ovs aoi e^bv teal 
eK0pe^frai Kal eKiratbevaat olyj]aei KaraXirroov, Kal rb 
abv fiepos, o,rc av rv^coaty rovro rrpd^ovai* rev^ovrai 20 
be, w? rb 66/C09, rocovrcov oldirep eicoOe yiyveaQai ev 
rah optyaviais irepl robs 6p(f>avov$. rj yap ov %pr) 
irocelaOai rralbas, 7) ^vvbiaraXaarcopelv Kal rpe<j)ovra 
Kal iraiSevovra* av be /jlol boKeh rd paOv/jibrara al- 
pelaOar ^prj be, drrep av dvrjp dya0b$ Kal dvbpelos 25 
eXotro, ravra alpeladau, (fydaKovrd ye brj dperrjs Sea 

E rravrbs rod filov eirifjieXelaOaL' co? eycoye Kal ifirep aov 

2 eV0a5e bracketed by Hermann. 7 a-eavrcp Bekk. 

inst the Bodl. and Tub. 15 aavrhv Bodl. Tub. aeavrbu 

kk. 16 €(nreucrdu <re Bekk. 22 xprjv Bekk.: but 

Xph Bodl. Tub. with five m 24 8' ifiol Bekk. against the 



48 nAATfLNOX 

kclL virep rjfioop tcop acop eirLTrjBeioop alo")(ypofiaL, fir) 
Bo^rj array to it pay fia to irepl cre dpapBpia tlpI tjj 
r)/jb6T€pa TreTTpa^Oat, /cal r) elcroBos ttjs BUr)s [efc to 
$LKaaT7]piov^ to? elcrrjX0ep i%bv firj elaeXOelp, /cal avTo$ 
5 o ay gov [t% Bl/crj^ &>9 iyepeTO, /cal to TeXevTalop Brj 
tovti, ooairep /caTayeXcos tt}? irpd^ecos, /ca/cla tivX Ka\ 
dpapBpia Ty rjfieTepa hiairetyevyevai rjfids Bo/celp, otTives 46 
cre ov%l icroocrafiep ovBe crv cravTOp, olov T6 op ical 
BvpaTOP, el tl ical afiucpop rjfioop 6'<£e\o9 rjp. TavT ovp, 

10 w ScotcpaTes, opa fir) dfia too icaicoo /cal alcryjod rj aoi 
T€ ical r)fiip. aXXa fiovXevov, fiaXXop Be ovBe /3ou- 
XeveaOaL 6Tt oopa, dXXa /3e(3ovXevo-0aL. fiia Be /3ovXrj m 
Trjs yap eirtovar]^ pv/ctos irdpTa TavTa Bel 7T67rpa^0at. 
el Be tl irepifiepovfiep, dBvpaTOP /cal ov/ceTt olov re. 

15 dXXa iravTi Tpoirqo, 60 Soo/cpaTes, TreiOov fioi ical firjBa- 
fioos aXXw? iroieL. 

VI. 572. ^fl (f)l\e KpLToov, r) irpoOvfila crov iroX- B 
Xov d£la, el fieTa tlpo<z 6p0OTr)TO<; elrf el Be fir), oaco 
fiel^cov, toctovtoo ^aXeirooTepa. aKoirelorQau ovv yjpr) 

20 r)fia$, eiTe TavTa irpaKTeov elVe fiij* G09 eyco ov fiovov 
vvv dXXa /cal del tolovtos, olos tcov ifioov firjBevl aXXqo 
TrelQeaQai rj too Xoyoo, 09 civ fioL XoyL^ofievop /3eA,T£o-ro9 
(paiprjTaL. tovs Be Xoyovs, ovs ep too efiirpoaOep eXe- 
yop, ov BvpafiaL pvp e/c/3aXelp, eireiBrj fioc r)Be rj Tvyr) 

2 5 yeyopep, dXXa cr^eBop tl o/jlolol cfoaipopral fioL, /cal 
T0U9 clvtovs Trpecrfievoo ical TLfico ovenrep ical irpoTepop* 



3 eh rb diKCKrrrjpiov bracketed by Schleiermacher, but 
Bekk. considers the words genuine. 4 eiV7?A0es Bekk. 

but elarjXOej/ is the orig. reading of the Bodl. and Tub. 5 

rrjs 8iK7is rejected by Forster. 13 ravra ndura Bekk. with 

four mss. irdura ravra Bodl. Tub. 



KPITI2N. 49 

C cov eav fxrj /3e\TL(o e^cofiev Xeyeiv ev tco irapovTi, ev 

LCT0C OTL OV /JL1) CTOL %Vy)£COpl]CTCO, 0V& CLV TrXelcO TCOV 

vvv irapovTcov rj tcov 7toXXcov Svvcl/jLL<; cocnrep iralha^ 
i)[ia<; fjLop/jLoXvTTrjTCLL, hecr/iovs koX Oavarovs €7rL7T€jjL- 

TTOVCra KCLL XpTJ/JLClTCDV d(ficLLpecreLS. 7TC09 OVV &V fl€TpLCO- 5 

rara o-/co7rot/xe0a avrd ; el TrpcoTov fiev tovtov tov Xo- 
yov ava\d(3oi/Aev, ov crv \eyeis irepl tcov Sotjcov, irore- 
pov kclXcos iXeyero etcdarore rj ov, otl tclls fiev Set tcov 

D So^cov TrpoaeyeLV tov vovv, rat? he ov. ?) irplv fiev ifie 
helv di7oQvi)CTKeiv /caXcos iXeyeTO, vvv Be tcaTahrfko^ J o 
apa iyeveTO, otl aXkco? everca Xoyov iXeyeTO, rjv he 
TraiSid kcll cpXvapla a>? dXrjOcos ; eiridvybco S' eycoy 
eiricTKe^facrQai, co KpLTcov, fcotvfj {ieTcz gov, el tl /jlol 
aWotoTepo? cpavelTac, e7reLhr] cohe e-^co, i) 6 clxjtos, tcaX 
edaofiev ^aipetv r) ireLaofieOa clvtco. iXeyeTO he 7rco$, 15 
a>9 eycpficu, e/cdcTTOTe cohe viro tcov olofievcov tI Xeyetv, 
coairep vvv hi] iyco eXeyov, otl tcov ho^cov, a? ol avOpco- 

E Trot ho^d^ovcrL, heoL ra? fiev irepl iroXkov iroielcrOai, 
tcis he fAij. tovto 7T/D09 Oecov, co KptTcov, ov hotcel KCL- 
Xco? aot XeyecrOai ; crv ydp, oaa ye TavOpcoireia, ifCTos 20 

47 el tov fieXXeLv diroQvr)cnceiv avpLov, kcll ovtc av ere ttcl- 
patcpovoi r) irapovaa %Vficf)opd* cncQirei hi]' ov-% l/cavco? 
hovel croc XeyecrOaL, otl ov irdaas ^pij tcls So£a? tcov 

ClvOpCOTTCOV TLflCLV, dXXa TCL<? fieV, TCL$ S' OV / OV$€ ITaV" 

tcov, dXXa tcov fiev, tcov S' ov ; tl cprjs ; TavTa ov%l 25 
kclXw XeyeTCLL ; 
KP. KaXw. 

10 vvv 5e in an eras, in Borll. and Tiib. 12 670)7' Borll. 
(not Tiib.) 16 n \eyciv Bekk. : rl 7. Cron with the BodL 

24 sq. Tlie whole passage from ovBe to tcov 5' ov was originally 

wanting in both Bodl. and Tiib., and has been supplied by other 
hands. 



SO nAATfLNOX 

$12. Ov/COVV 7729 /JL€P XprjCTTaS TL/JLCLV, TO? Be TTQV7)- 

pas fir} ; 

KP. Nai. 

%fL. Xpyaral Be ovy^ al tlov cppovificov, irovrjpal 
5 Be al tcov dcppovcov ; 

KP. ITw9 8* oi ; 

VII. 2f2. $epe Br), irtos av ra roiavra eXeyero ; 
<yvfjLva^6fJLevo<$ dvr/p /cal tovto irpdrrcdv irorepov iravTOS 
dvBpbs eiraivco /cal tyoyco teal Bo^rj tov vovv Trpotreyei, B 
10 r) evbs jjuovov e/celvov, 09 av Tvyyavr} larpbs r) iraiBo- 
Tplfirjs tov ; 

KP. *Evbs fjLovov. 

%fl. Ov/covv cpo/3eLcr0ai %pr) T0O9 tyoyovs /cal 
dcrird^ecrOat tovs eiralvovs tov$ tov evbs e/celvov, dWa 

*5 /JLT] T0U9 TCOV 7ToWcOV. 

KP. Ar)Xa Brj. 

%f2. Tavrrj dpa avTco irpa/creov /cal yv/bbvacrreov 
/cal iBecrreov ye /cal nroreov, fj av tco evl Bo/cfj tco €ttl- 
ardrrj ical eiraiovTb, puaXkov rj fj ^vfjuiraau tols aXXoL<$. 
20 KP. "Eo-tl ravra. G 

Xfl. Elev. cvweiOrjo-as Be tco evl /cal drifjidaas 
avrov rrjv Bo^av /cal tov? eiralvovs, Tifirjcras Be tovs 
tcov 7roXXcov [Xoyov^ /cal firjBev eiralbvTcov, dpa ovBev 
ica/cbv ireiaerai ; 
25 KP. Uw9 yap ov ; 

*£fL. Tl 8' ecTTL to /ca/cbv tovto ; /cal irol Telvec, 
/cal eh tl tcov tov diretOovvTos ; 

KP. Arfkov otl efc to crco/jua. tovto yap BcoXXvcn. 

23 Xoyovs is given by the Bodl. and three other niss., but om. 
in others. Bekk. omits it altogether in his text. 28 di6\\v- 
<tlv Bekk. 



KPITflN. 51 

5^2. KaXoo? Xeyecs. ovtcovv Kal raXXa, & Kpircov, 
outcos, iva /jLi] rrcivra Suco/xev, Kal 8rj Kal ire pi rcov 81- 
kcllcdv Kal aStKcov Kal alcryjpu>v Kal KaXcov Kal ciyadcov 
Kal KUKcov f irepl oov vvv r) /3ovXt) i)plv iarc, irorepov 
D Tf) rcov ttoXXcov 86%rj 8el i)fia$ eireaOau Kal cf)o/3e7cr9a 5 
avrijv, i) rjj rod ei>6$, et rk earcv eiratav, ov 8el Kal 
alayyveadai Kal (fyofielcrOat, fiaXXov ?} ^Vfi7ravra<; tovs 
aXXov? ; & el /x?) ciKoXovd^aofjuev, 8cacf)9epovfiev eKelvo 
Kal \(o/3r]cr6fjLe0a, b tco fiev 8iKai(p fieXTiov eyiyveTO, 
tc3 8e a8tK(p airdoXXvro. rj ov8ev icrrc tovto ; 10 

KP. Olfiac eywye, £) XoiKpares* 

VIII. 5/2. $epe 8)j, eav to virb rov vyieivov fiev 
fieXrcov ytyvofievov, virb rov voo~(o8ovs 8e 8ia(f)9etp6jjie- 
vov 8toXecrcofjL6P 7rei96/jLevoi /m) rfj tcov eiralbvTcov 861; 77, 
Spa fticoTov i)/jliv ecrTC 8L€(f)0apfAevov avrov ; eo~TL 8e I S 
E ttov tovto to aco/xa. i) ov%l ; 

KP. Nat. 

572. ^ Ap OVV fiiCDTOV fjflLV IcTTl fjL€Ta flO^dt] p0V 

Kal 8ied)9apiJLevov acofiaTos ; 

KP. OuSafifc. 20 

5/2. 'AXXa /jL6T 6K6LV0V ap TJ/JLLV /3LC0T0V 8i€(f)9ap- 

fievov, gS to clSlkov /xev X(oj3aTat, to 8e 8iKaiov bvivrj- 
aiv ; ?} (pavXoTepov yyov/xe9a elvai tov acofiaTo^ eKelvo, 
48 6,tl iroT eaTl tcov rj/xeTepcov, irepl b r\ T€ a8iKia Kal ?] 
8iKatoavvrj ecrTiv ; 25 

KP. Ov8a/jico^. 

5/2. 'AXXa TL/jiLcoTepov ; 

KP. TIoXv ye. 



4 I follow the Bodl. and Tub. : r)/j.7v 4(tt\u 77 frovK-r] Bckk. 
with the old editions. 21 6.p Bodl. Tub. : &pa the edd. 



52 IIAATSINOZ 

Xf2. Ovk dpa, co fie\m<JT6, irdvv r)p2v ovtco cf>pov- 
TiareoVy tl epovcriv ol ttoXXoI Apia's, aX)C o,tl 6 eiratcov 
Trepl tcov BiKalcov Kal dSiKcov, 6 eh, teal avrrj r) dXr)- 
0eta. coaTe irpcoTov puev ravirj ovk opOcos elcrrjyei, elcrr)- 
5 yovpbevos Trjs tcov ttoXXcov So^rjs Selv rjpas cppovTi^eLV 
irepl tcov SiKalcov Kal KaXcov Kal dyaOcov teal tcov evav- 
tlcov. dXXa puev hrj, cpairj y dv tl<z, olol t elcrlv r)pids 
ol iroXXol diroKTivvvvai ; 

KP. ArjXa hr) Kal TavTa* cpacr) yap av, co Xco- B 

1° KpaT6<$. 

5/2. 'AXi]9rj Xeyets. dXX\ co Oavfidcne, ovtos re o 

Xoyos, ov 8ie\r}\v0a/jL€v, epuoiye SoKel €tl ojjloios elvai 

tco teal irpoTepov Kal TovSe av GKOirei, el €Ti puevei 

rj/jilv rj ov, otl ov to %r)v irepl irXetcTTOV iroir)Teov, dXXa 

J 5 to ev %rjv. 

KP. 'AXXa {level. 

2,11. 10 be ev /cat koXcos Kai oLKaicos otl TavTov 
ecTTi, fievei rj ov \xevei ; 
KP. Mkvei. 
20 IX. 'Sfl. Ovk ovv eK tcov o/juoXoyovfievcov tovto 
cTKeiTTeov, iroTepov SUaiov ifie evOevSe ireipacrQai e%ie- 
vai pur) dcf)ievTcov 'A&rjvaicov, rj ov hiKaiov ; Kal edv puev C 
(palvrjTai hiKatov, ireipcop,eQa, el he pur), ecopuev. a? Be av 
Xeyet^; tcls aKe-yjrei^ irepi re dvaXcocrecos ^prjpidTcov Kal 
2 5 80^9 Kal iraiicov Tpocprjs, pur) a>9 dXrjOcos TavTa, co 
KpiTcov, cTKepupLaTa y tcov paSicos diroKTivvvvTcov Kal 



2 tl ipovony Bodl. Tub. with five other mss. : tl ipovaiy 
Bekk. 12 Ztl after So/ce? is given on the authority of the 

Bodl. and Tub. and three other mss., the others omit it. Mad- 
vig Adv. Crit. 1 p. 369 omits t£. 24 avaXdbcrecos XPW*™*' 

Bodl. Tub. : XPV^ cLi/a\. Bekk. 



KPITflN. S3 

dva/3tco<7K0fjL6P(ov y civ, el oloi r rjarav, ovSevl %vv vw, 
rovrcov rcov rroXXcov. rjpulv S\ erreiSr) 6 X0709 ovrcos 
alpel, pur) ovSev ciXXo aiceirreov r) rj oirep vvv Sr) iXeyo- 
/jL€v, irorepov Si/cata irpd^opiev Kal j^p-qpuara reXovvres 
D tovtol? T0Z9 epue evOevSe e^d^ovcri Kal ydpiras, Kal 5 
avrol e^dyovres re real e^aybpuevoL, rj rfj dXrjOela dhtferj- 
ao f lev irdvra ravra irotovvre^ kclv (patvcopieOa dBt/ca 
avrd epyat^ofievoL, per] ov Serj vrroXoy l^eaOac ovr el 
diTodvr]cnceiv Set rrapapuevovra^ Kal rjav^lav ay ovr as, 
ovre aXXo briovv irdayeiv irpb rod dStKelv. I0 

KP. KaXws fiev jaol SoKeis Xeyetv, 3) ScoKpares, 
b'pa Se ri Spcofiev, 

Sfi. ^KOTTtepev, 3) ^yaOe, Koivfj, teal el rrrj e^ecs 
dvriXeyetv epiov Xeyovros, dvrlXeye, ical <tol iretaofiar 
E el Se pat), rravaai rjSr], S) pLa/edpie, rroXXdias puou Xeycov l 5 
rbv avrbv Xoyov, C09 %pr) ev6evbe aKovrcov 'Adrjvaicov 
epue drnevar C09 eyco nrepi ttoXXov rrocovpiat rreiaa^ 
ere ravra rrpdrreiv, dXXd pur) aKovros. opa 8e 8rj 
49 tt}? cr/ce^ew? rr]v ap^rjv, eav croi iKavcos Xeyrjrao, 
Kal iretpo) dirofcpiveaOat rb epcorcopuevov, fj av p,d- 20 
Xicrra oltj. 

KP. ^AXXd ireipdaopLaL. 

X. Xfl. Ovhevl rpoircp (frapuev etcovras dBiKrjreov 
elvac, rj nvl puev dStfcrjreov rpoTrcp, nvl Be ov ; rj ov- 
BapLto? ro ye dhucelv ovre dyaObv ovre KaXov, C09 7roX- 2 5 
Xukls r)puv Kal ev roj eparpoadev ^pbvco d)pLoXoyrj0rj m 
\oirep Kal aprt eXeyero'^\ rj iracrai r)puv eicelvai at 

1 r Bodl., T€ Tiil). 7 iravra ravra Bodl. Tiib., ravra w. 

the edd. 17 ireTaai ae Bekk. witli the mss. : ireiaas (re Butt- 

man. 27 [oirep Kal apri i\eyero] without brackets in Bekk/s 

text 



54 IIAATflNOS 

irpbadev opioXoylai ev ralcrBe rats oXlyac? rj/jbepats 
e/c/ce'xy/jLevai, eicrl, fcal iraXat, & Kplrcov, apa rrjXc/colBe 
\_yepovres~\ avBpes 7rpb<; aXXrjXovs airovBfj BiaXeybfievoi B 
ekaOofjiev rj/xa^; avrovs iralBcov ovBev Bcacjiipovres ; r) 

5 TTCLVTOS fldXXoV OVTCDS eyei, COGTTep TOT€ iXeyeTO Tfplv, 

elre <f>aarlv oi iroKkoi elre fir}, teal elre Bel r;/xa9 en 
rcovBe yaXeircorepa iracryeiv elre /cal irpabrepa, o/jlcos 
to ye aBctcelv rco dBacovvn ko\ fea/ebv Ka\ alcryjpbv 
rvyyavei ov rravrl rpbirco ; cpapuev r) ov ; 
io KP. $a/jiev. 

2f2. OuBapicos apa Sec dBacelv. 

KP. Ov Brjra. 

2f2. OvBe aSifcovpievov apa dvraBiicelv, a>9 oi ttoX- 
Xol olovrai, eirethr} ye ovBapucos Bel dBt/celv. 
15 KP. Ov fyalverai. C 

Xf2. Ti Be Br} ; /ca/covpyelv Bet, 3) Kplrcov, rj ov ; 

KP. Ov Bel Br} 7rov, & ^co/cpares. 

'SSI. Ti Be ; civn/ca/covpyelv /ca/ccos rrdayovra, 009 
oi rroXXol $ao~i, Blicaiov i) ov Bl/cacov ; 
20 KP. OvBapum. 

SSL. To yap ttov Kaiccos rroielv civd pcoirovs rod 
abifcetv ovoev otacpepei. 

KP. 'AXr/drj Xeyets. 

SSI. Ovre apa dvraBiicelv Bel ovre Ka/ccos rroielv 

2 5 ovBeva dvdpcorrcov, oiS* av bnovv Trdcryrj vit avrcov. 

/ecu 6 pa, co Kplrcov, ravra KaOopuoXoycov, orrcos purj D 

rrapd Bo^av opuoXoyfjs. olBa yap on oklyois tlctI 

ravra /cal Bo/cel koX Bb^ei. oh ovv ovrco BeBo/crat ical 



3 yepovres bracketed by Halm. 16 Ti dal drj Bekk. and 

Sal seems here also given by the Bodl. 



KPITflN. 55 

069 /x?7, tovtols ovze earl zcoLvrj fiovXrj, dXX* dvdyzcrj 
tovtovs dXXi]Xcov zearacppoveiv, opcovras ra dXXi]Xojv 
/3ovXevp,ara. a/coireL Srj ovv zeal c~v ev pbdXa, irorepov 
zeoivwvels zeal ^vvSozeel croc /ecu dp^copueBa evrevOev 
jBovXevopbevot, oo$ ovSeirore dp0o)$ e^ovTO^ ovre rov 5 
dSczeelv ovre rov avraSueelv ovre zeazecos irdayovTa 
apvveadai avTiSpoovra zea/ecos* rj dcpicrracrac teal ov 
E zeotvoyveis rfjs dp-^fj^ ; epiol puev yap zea\ irakcu ovrco 
zcaX vvv ert So/eel, aol 8* el irrj aXKrj SeSozerai, Xeye 
/ecu SiSao-fce. el o° epLpievets tols irpoaOev, to puerd io 
tovto azeove. 

KP. 'AXX' ifipievG) re /ecu %vvSozeel fior dXXd 
Xeye. 

Xfl* Aeyco Si] av to pberd tovto, pbdXXov S' epcoTco' 
TTOTepov a av tls opLoXoyrjcrr} to? Slzeaca ovra Troir)- *5 
Teov rj e^airaTr]Teov ; 

KP. TIoirjTeov. 

XI. 2f2. 'Eze tovtcov Srj dOpet. dmovTes evOevSe 
tj/jLels parj nretaavTes tt)v ttoXlv iroTepov zcazcoos Ttvas 
50 TroLovpLev, zeal ravra ov<z rjzetaTa Sec, rj ov ; zeal ep,- 2 ° 
fievopiev oh copioXoyi]crapbev Stzeaios ovclv rj ov ; 

KP. Ovze eyw, 3) % coze pares, drrozcpivao-Qai rrpos o 
ipcoras' ov yap evvoo). 

572. 'AXX' cSSe azeoirei. el pueXkovatv r)puv evOevSe 
eire diroSiSpdcrzeeiv, eW" oircos Set ovopidcrat tovto, iX- 2 5 
Bovres ol vopuoi zeal to zeotvov rr/s rroXecos eiriardvres 
epoivTo* elire pioi, oj Saozcpares, tl ev vco e^ecs irotelv ; 
dXXo tl rj tovto) to} epyco, a> err i^et pels, Stavoel rovs 
B re vopiovs rjpLcis diroXeaai zeal ^vpuracrav rrjv ttoXlv 

10 5' Bodl. Tub., 5£ the edd. 



$6 nAATflNOIl 

to gov puepos ; ^7 Bo/cel gol olov re en e/cetvrjv rrjv 
ttoXlv elvat /cal fir) dvarerpdcpOaL, ev fj at yevopevao 
Si/cat fjbrjhev lg^vovglv, aXh! vtto ISlcotcov d/cvpoi re 
yiyvovraL /cal hiafyOelpovTcu ; tl epodfiev, w Kptrcov, 
5 7rpbs ravra teal aXXa roLavra ; rroXXa yap civ tls eyoL, 
a%X(os re fcal pr'jToop, elirelv virep rovrov tov vofiov 
drroXXvfievov, 09 ras Sl/cas ras St/caGueLGas irpoGrdr- 
T€i /cvpias elvat. r) epovpev Trpbs avrovs otl rjSl/ceL yap 
r/jjLcis r) ttoXls Ka\ ov/c opOoos rr)v hifcrjv e/cpLve ; ravra C 

10 fj tl epov/xev ; 

KP. Tavra vr] AC , 00 Saj/cpares. 
XII. ^fl. Tl ovv, av el'irccGLV oi vo/jloc c5 2 do- 
ze pares, r) /cal ravra cbpLoXoyrjro tj/jllv re /cal croi, r) 
epbfjLeveLv rats Bc/caLs ah av r) ttoXls Sl/cci^j) ; el ovv av- 

x 5 rcov Oavfid^oL/nev Xeyovrcov, lgcds av elrroLev ort 3) S clo- 
ze pares, jJLr) Oavpua^e ra Xeyopueva, aXX amo/cpivov, 
erreLBr) /cal etco0as %py)cr6aL rco epcorav re /cal diro/cpi- 
vecrOaL. (pipe ycip, ri ey/caXcov r\pZv /cal rfj rroXeL errL- D 
%eipeLS rjpuas drroXXvvaL ; ov irpcorov fiev ere eyewiqaa- 

20 jjl€V rjpLels, /cal Bl rjjuLcov eXafifSave rr)v purjrepa gov 6 
irarrjp /cal ecf)vrevGe ae ; eppderov ovv, tovtols rjficov, 
rols vo/jlols tols rrepl Tov? ydpbovs, fiepLcpeL tl go? ov 
fcaXcbs eypvcTLV ; ov fiepbcpopuaL, cpatrjv av. dXXa rols 
rrepl rrjv rod yevofievov rpocprjv re /cal iraLoeiav, ev y 

2 5 /cal av i7raLoev07]s ; r) ov /caXcos rrpoaerarrov rj^cov ol 
eirl rovroLs reraypuevoL vo/jlol, rrapayyeXXovres tg3 rra- 

2 ev fi $lv Bekk. : $lv om. Bodl. m. 1, Tub., and four other mss. 
Icrxvov&iv only four mss. iax^cxftv Bodl. Tub. and Bekk. 4 
yiyvovrai kclI dicMpOeipovTai Bodl. m. 1, but o> is written above in 
both words. 18 tj/ulTv re Bekk. with only two mss. 20 eAa/3e 
Bekk. : z\a[i&ave Bodl. Tub. with four other mss. 26 M tovtois 
Bodl. Tub. with four other mss. : iirl rovrce Bekk. 



KPITflN. 57 

E rpX rco aco ae iv [Movcrucfj teal yvfivaariKfj rraiheveiv ; 
koXcos, (f>ai7]v av. elev. iirecor] oe iyevov re KaX efe- 
rpdcprjs KaX irrathevOri^;, e^ots av elirelv rrpcorov p,ev a>? 
ov)(l ?)perepo? r)a6a KaX eKyovos KaX SovXos, avros re 
KaX ol aoX rrpoyovot ; KaX ei rovO' ovtcos €X €L > **P e '£ -> 
laov ohc eXvai aoX to hiKatov teal rj/juv, kcli drr av 
rj/xet^ ere i7rL%eLpa)/jLev rroielv, KaX av ravra avraroielv 
otei SircaLov eivcu ; ?) 7rpo? fiev dpa croc rbv rrarepa ovk 

it; IcTOV TjV TO 81/CCUOV KaX 7T/30? TOV oeairoTriv, el CTOl cov 

irvyyavev, coo-re, arrep irdaypi^, ravra KaX 'avrtiroielv, I0 
51 ovre KaKto? aKovovra dvriXeyecv ovre rvrrropuevov dvrc- 
rvirreiv ovre ciXXa roiavra 7roXXd' 7rpo? Se rrjv rra- 
rpiha dpa KaX rovs vofMOVs i^earat ctol, cocrre, idv ere 
iTrc^eipco/iev rjfiels diroXkvvai StKacov rjyovfievot elvai, 
KaX av he r)p,a$ tou9 vo/jlov<z KaX rr)v rrarplSa Kad" oaov J 5 
hvvaaai e7ri)£eLpr)creL<; dvrarroXXvvai, KaX cprjaei? ravra 
ttolcov StKata irpdrrecVy 6 rfj dXiiOeia rr)<$ dperi)s eVt- 
LieXofjbevos ; r) ovrco? el aocpos, cocrre XeXr/9e ae ore firj- 
rpos re KaX irarpos KaX rcov ciXXcov rrpoyovcov drrdvrcov 
rt/jLLcorepov iariv rj irarpXs KaX aepLvorepov teal dyicore- 2 ° 
B pov KaX iv puei^ovi f^otpa KaX irapd 6eol$ KaX Trap dv- 
dpcoTTOLs rots vovv eyovai, KaX aefteadai Set KaX /idX- 
Xov viretKeiv KaX Qcorreveiv irarplha yaXeiralvovaav rj 
rrarepa, KaX rj ireiQeiv r) rroielv a civ KeXevrj, KaX rrd- 
ayeiv, idv re rrpoardrrrj iradelv, rjav^cav ctyovra, idv 2 5 
re rvirreaQai idv re helaQai, idv re eh iroXefiov dyrj 
rpo)07]a6/jLevov rj drroQavovpievov, rroir\reov ravra, KaX 

2 iyevov re Bekk. : re om. by the Zurich editors and Hermann ; 
but the BodL and Tiib. have re. 7 av only two mss. (see 
exeg. note) : crol Bekk. with the Bodl. Tiib. and most other mss. 
20 nijLLcoTepov tar i war pis Bekk. against the Bodl. Tiib. and three 
other n - 



5 8 nAATflNOS 

to Si/catov ovtg)<; €%€L, /cal ov^i vTrec/CTeov ov8e ava^a- 
pr/Teov ouSe \enrreov ttjv rd^tv, dWa /cal ev 7ro\ep,(p 
/cal ev 8t/cacrT7]pi(p /cal iravTayov irotr^Teov a av /cekevrj C 
r) 7ro\69 /cal rj Trarpls, rj irelQeiv avrrjv fj to Stfcacov 
5 Trecfrv/ce, (Sid^ecdai Be ovy^ octov ovTe purjTepa ovTe ttcl- 
Tepa, tto\v 8e tovtcov eTL tjttov ttjv iraTpiha ; tl (f>rjco- 
fiev 7T/309 tclvtcl, co KptTcov ; d\rj0rj \eyeuv TOV$ VOjJLOVS 
7] ov ; 

KP. "Epooye Bo /eel, 

io XIII. £12. ^Koireu tolvvv, w Hco/cpaTes, (fralev av 
Ilccd? oi vo/jloi, el r)pec<; TavTa aXrjOrj Xeyopev, otl ov 
Bl/caLa rj/jLcis eiTi^etpel^ Bpav a vvv eirL^eipel^. rjpuels 
yap ce yevvrjcavTes, e/cOpetyavTes, iraihevaavTes, pueTa- 
BovTes aTravTcov &v oloL t rjpev /caXcov col teal tols D 

15 aXkocs Tract TroXiTacs, opco? irpoayopevopev tco e^ov- 
ciav TreTTOtrjicevai 'AOr/vdtcov tS> /3ov\opev(p, iiretSav 
Bo/CLpuacOfj fcal IBrj Ta ev tjj TroXeu irpdypaTa /cal rjpas 
tovs vo/jlovs, c§ av pbt) dpec/ccopev rjpels, e^elvau \a- 
fiovTa Ta avTov aTrievai ottol av /3ov\rjTat. /cal ovBel? 

20 i)pwv tcov vopucov epLTToScov icTtv ou& dirayopeveL, edv 
T€ tls /3ovXrjTaL vpLcov €6? diroL/ciav levaL, el pur) ape- 
c/copev rjpels Te teal r) ttoXls, edv Te peTOLicelv aXXoce E 
ttol e\0(ov, levaL e/celce ottol av /3ov\rjTaL, eyovTa tcl 
avTov. o? S* av vpcov nrapapbelvrj, opcov ov Tpoirov fjpecs 

2 5 t<x? Te Bi/cas BL/cd^opev /cal TaWa ttjv ttoKlv Blol/cov- 
puev, r)Br/ (papuev tovtov (hpoXoyrj/cevac epyep r)plv a av 
rjpels /ceXevcopev Troirjceiv TavTa, /cal tov pur) Treidope- 
vov Tpiyrj (jyapuev dhacelv, otl Te yevvrjTal? ovciv r)p2v 

5 5e Bodl. Tiib., 5 J the edd. 14 cot re Bekk., but re is 

om. in Bodl. Tiib., and five other mss. 22 d/jeV/co/xe*/ Mad- 

vig Adv. Crit. 1. p. 370 : apeo-KOL^v the mss. and edd. 28 yev- 
v-fjrais Bekk. : see exeg. note. 



KPITflN. 59 

ov ireiOeraiy Kal ore Tpocpevcn, /ecu ore ofjuoXoyrjcras 
rjjMV ireiQecrQai ovre iretOerai ovre ireidei rj/JLas, 66 fir] 

52 KaXcO$ TL 7T0L0V/JL6V, ITpOTiOeVTCOV TJ/jLCOV KCti ov/c ciyplco^ 

eirirarrovTCDV iroielv a av KeXevco/jbev, aXXa ecptevTcov 
hvolv Odrepa, fj ireiOeuv rj/jbd^ rj irouelv, tovtcov ovSerepa 5 
iroiel. 

XIV. TavTdLs S?; (pa/jiev Kal ere, co Scofcpares, rat? 
atrial,? eve^eerOat, elirep TT0i7]erei^ a einvoels, Kal ovy^ 
rjKLCFTa ^ AOrjvalcov ere, aX)C ev rols /jbaXiara. el ovv 
eyco eLTTOifJU' Sea tl Stj ; tercos civ jjlov Sl/ccllcos /ca6d- 10 

7TT0LVT0 \ejOVT6S, OTL iv TOL$ fJUakiCTTa ^ AOrjVCLLOdV ijCO 

avTol? cb/juoXoyrjKcos Tvyyavco ravrrjv rrjv o/ioXoytav. 
B epacev yap av otl, co Sco/cpares, pueydXa tj/jllv tovtcov 

T€fC/jL7]pLci eCTTlV, OTL CTOL KaX rj/jL€l<? TjpeaKOfJieV Kal 7) 

TroXi^ % oh yap av iroTe tcov aXXcov ' AOrjvalcov cnrdvTcov l 5 
SiacpepovTcos ev avTjj eTreSi]jxet<;, el firj croc StacfiepovTcos 
ilpecnce, Kal ovt eirl Oecoptav ttcottot eK 7-779 iroXecos 
e%r}X6e<$, o,tl fir) aira^ eh 'IerB/xov, ovTe aXXoere ovSa- 
puoere, el fxr) it 01 crTpaTevero/jLevos, ovTe aXXrjv diroSi]- 
jjbiav eiroir)crco ircoiroTe, coerirep ol ciXXol avQpcoiroi, ovK 20 
eiriOvfjuia ere aXXr)<; TroXecos ovSe aXXcov vo/jlcov eXafiev 
elSevat, aXXa rj/jLecs ctol iKavot rjfiev Kal rj r^xeTepa 
C ttoXw ovtco ercpoSpa rj/uLas ypov, Kal copuoXoyei^ Ka0 y 
rjfjba^ iroXiTeveaOau, tcl T€ aXXa Kal iralSas ev avTrj 
eTTOLrjcrcD, C09 cipeerKoverrjs croi r?}? 7roXeco<;. €tl toivvv ev 2 5 



2 f)/n?v Tub. Bodl. m. 1 : ^ fi^v Bodl. m. 2 and so also Bekk. 
irtio-ecrdai Madvig Adv. Crit. 1. p. 370. 5 §vo7v Bodl. Tiib. 

and most mss. : 8ve?v Bekk. with only one ms. 17 ircoTror Bodl. 
Tub., ircvTroTe tlie edd. 18 5, rt /jlt) a7ra| els 'ladfiSv 0111. in the 

Tiib, supplied in the marg. Bodl. (with the omission of els). 
Other mss. contain them and they appear to be necessary for the 
text. 20 €TroLT]aco b.iro§7]ixiau Bekk. 21 ot>5e Bodl. Tiib. 



60 nAATflNOZ 

avrfj ttj hl/cy igrjv croc cpvyrjs rtfirjaaaOai, el eftovXov, 
teal OTrep vvv a/covcT7]<; rrjs 7r6Xeco<; eiri^eipels, Tore 
e/covcrrjs iroir)crai. av he Tore fiev eKaXXcoTrl^ov &>9 ovk 
ayava/cTCov, el heot reOvdvat ae, dXXa rjpov, a>9 ecftrjaOa, 
5 irpo 7-979 <f)vyr)<; Oavarov vvv he ovr eKeivovs tovs Xo- 
70U? ala'xyvei, ovre rj/uueov rcov vo/ncov evrpeTret, eiriyei- 
pcov htacf)0elpai i Trpdrrets re direp av hovXos tyavXo- D 
raros irpd^eiev, dirohuhpaaKetv eiriyeipo^v irapa rd<; 
%vv8r}Ka$ re teal rds o/uboXoylas, /ca9* a? rj/uuv fjvve0ov 

i° 7ro\LTeve<T0aL. irpcorov fiev ovv rj/juv rovr avrb diro- 
Kptvat, el dXrj9r) Xeyo^ev (frdor/covres ere GO/uLoXoyrjKevai, 
iroXirevecrOat Ka0' rj/jLci<; epyep, dXX* ov Xoycp, rj ovk 
dXr)0r), tl cj)o)fiev Trpo 9 ravra, 3) Kpircov ; aXXo tl r) 
OfioXoyco/juev ; 

IS KP. 'Avdy/crj, S> ^cDfcpares. 

%fl. "AXXo tl ovv, av cfialev, i) %vv0r)tcas 77x9 irpbs 
rj/jbcis avrov? Kal ofjioXoytas irapaftalveLSj ou% vir dvdy- E 
ktjs ojioXoyrjaa^ ovhe airaTrjOel? ovhe iv oXtyo) %pov(p 
avay/cacr0€U /3ovXevo~acr0aL, dXX* ev erecrcv e/3ho/nrj- 

20 Kovra, ev oh e£r)v croi dirievai, el jjlt) r/pecr/co/juev rj/jueh 
fjLTjhe Slfcatai efyaivovTO o~oi ai o/xoXoylaL elvai. orv he 
ovre Aa/cehalfjiova irporjpov ovre KpijrrjVy as hrj eicda- 
rore </>?}9 evvo/jLeccr0ai, ovre aXXrjv ovhefiiav rcov e EX- 
Xrjvihaiv TroXeoov ovhe rcov /3apf3apLKoi)v, dXXa iXdrrco 53 

25 e£ avrr)? direhrnjLr)cra<$ r) ol ^coXol re zeal rvcpXol /cal 
ol aXXoi dvdirr)poi % ovrco aot hcacpepovrcos rcov aXXcov 
'A0r)vaL6dV rjpecTfcev r) ttoXls re Kal ol vo/jlol rj/juets hrjXov 

4 aXXa Bodl. Tub., a\\ 9 the edd. 7 dovAos 6 (p. Bekk. 

against the Bodl. Tiib. and six other mss. 24 aAA s Bekk., 

ak\a Bodl. Tiib. 27 ^/*e?s ol v6[xol Bekk. with the Bodl. 

Tiib. : ol v6[ioi 7)neis the Ziirich editors with four mss. : cf . p. 55, 29. 



KPITflN. 6 1 

orr tlvl yap av ttoXis dpecr/coL dvev voficov ; vvv he 8/; 
ovtc ififieveus TO69 oj/jLoXoyrj/jbevoLS ; iav tj/jLlv ye TrelOrj, S) 
Sco/cpares* kcu ov KarayeXaaros ye ecrec itc rr)s 7roXecos 
ige\0(ov. 

XV. XfcoireL yap hi], ravra Trapafids koX i^a/iap- 5 
rdvcov tl tovtcov tl dyaObv epydaei cravrbv rj tovs 

B €7T6T?;Se/oi;9 rovs cravrov. otl fiev yap /ctvhvvevcrovcrl 
ye crov ol i7nTi)heL0L koX avrol (f>evyeiv teal crTepr)Qr)vai 
rr)s TroXecos rj Tf}V overlay diroXeaai, cryehov tl hrjXov 
avrbs he rrpodTov fiev iav eh tcov iyyvrard nva io 
TroXecov e\0r}s, rj 0/]/3a£e rj Meyapdhe — evvo/jLOvvrai, 
yap dfufioTspai, — TroXepaos rj^ets, 5) Scok pares, rfj tov- 
rcov TroXireiq, koX ocroLirep /ajhovrac rebv avrcov 7rc- 
Xecov, v7To/3XeyjrovraL ere hca(})6opea r)yov\xevoi row 
vo/jlcdv, koI /3e/3atoJcreLS tols hucaarals rrfv ho^av, l S 

C coare hofcelv opdeos rr)v hl/crjv htKacraf bans yap 
voficov htacpOopevs ian, acj)6hpa irov ho^etev av vecov 
ye teal dvoi]Tcov dv0pa>7rcov htacf^Oopevs elvat. irorepov 
ovv §ev%ei rds re evvopLOVfievas iroXeus fcal rebv dv- 
hpcov rovs Kocr/jLLcordrovs ; koX tovto irotovvn dpa 20 
a£iov aou %rjv earat ; rj TrXrjaidaecs tovtols fcal dvat- 
ayyvnqaeis hiaXeyofievos — rlvasXoyovs, 3) Scb/cpares ; 
rj ovairep ivOdhe, C09 r) dperrj koX rj hiKaioavvr) irXel- 

CTTOV d^LOV T069 dv0pOt)7TOlS /Cat TCL VOpLipLO, KoX OL 

D vofioL ; /cal ov/c ocec dayj]puov av fyavelaOau to tov 2 5 
Scotcpdrovs irpdyfia ; oleaOal ye XP 7 1* uXX? etc puev 
tovtcov rcov tottcov dirapels, rj^eis he. els OerraXlav 
irapd rovs %evovs tovs Kplrcovos* e/cel yap Srj irXelarrf 
dra^la koX d/coXacrla, kcll lctcos av rjSecos crov dtcovoiev 

2 i/jiueveTs Bekk. with the Bodl. m. 2, €/jL/j.ev€is m. 1. 5 

i£auap-dvoov Bodl. Tub. with four other mss. : i^auaprdou Bekk. 
25 kv is in the Bodl. and Tub., and in four other mss. 



62 IIAATHNOZ 

a>? yeXoloos etc rod 8e<TfjLG)T7}pLov d7reBiBpaatce^ atcevrjv 
re nva irepiQepuevo^, rj BtfyOepav Xaftcov rj aXXa ola 
Brj eldoOaabv evcrtcevd^ecrdai ol diroBiBpdatcovTes, teal to 
a^rj/jua to cravTov tcaTaXXd^as* otl Be yepcov dvrjp 
5 crfALfcpov yjpovov tco fil(p Xolitov ovtos, 009 to el/cos, E 
eToXfxrjaa^ ovtco aio-yjp&s eiriOvfielv tfiv, vofiovs tov? 
/Jbeylo-Tovs Trapafid?, ovBeh 0? epel ; lo~co<;, av fir) tivcl 
\v7rf)<; m el Be pur), aKovaet, & ScotcpaTes, 7roXXa teal 
dvd^ca cravTov. virepyopievo^ Brj ^icocet irdvTa^ dv 

10 Opdoirovs teal BovXevoov tL ttolcov rj evco^ov/nevo^ \_ev 
QeTTaXia], coo-irep eirl Belirvov diroBeBrjfjbrjKcb^ eh @er- 
TaXiav ; Xoyoc Be itcelvoi ol nrepl Biteacoavvrj^ re teal 
tt}9 aXXr/s dpeTrjs ttov rjpuv eaovTai ; dXXa Brj tcov 54 
iralBcov evetca f3ovXec %r)v, Xva avTOvs eicOpe'^rys teal 

x 5 iraiBevar]^ ; ti Be ; eh QeTTaXtav avTOvs dyaycov 
Ope-tye^ Te teal iraiBevaet^, %evov<; irotyaa^, Xva teal 
tovto [o"Of] diroXavacoaiv ; rj tovto /nev ov, avTov Be 
Tpe(f)6/jbevot gov f&Wo? fiekTLov OpetyovTau teal irauBev- 
aovTaiy pur) ^vvovto^ gov avToh ; ol yap eiriTrjBeLOi 

20 ol aol eirLfJLeXrjGovTaL avTcov. nroTepov edv eh QeTTa- 
Xtav dTroBrnjLr)crr}$, eiripbeXrjaovTaL,- edv Be eh " AiBov 
divoBrfiJirjcrrj^, ov^l e7rifJbeXr)aovTaL ; eiirep ye ti ocj)eXo<; B 
avTcov eo-TL tcov q~ol (j^aatcovTcov iTnTrjBeicov elvat, oie- 
o~0 at ye XPV* 

25 XVI. 'AXX\ 3) ScotcpaTes, ireuOofievo^ rjplv Toh 
aoh Tpocfrevai, pur^Te iralBas irepi irXeiovos iroiov pafjTe 

4 KaraXXoi^as Bodl. Tub., but the first ms. gives /jlztclXX. 
in the margin, peraXX. the edd. 6 alaxpvs Bodl. Tub. : but 

the first ms. gives the common reading yxiaxp^s in the margin. 
10 eV ©erraXia bracketed by Buttmann. 15 5e Tub. and in 

the Bodl. dai is merely a correction, as it is in so many cases. 
17 aov om. Bodl. Tub., but given by most other mss. 20 

avriav ; Bekk. iau /xev Bekk. : fit? om. Bodl. Tub. and five other 
mss. 



KPITflN. 63 

to %i)v firjre aXXo fir/Bev rrpb rov BtKalov, 7va eW Aihov 
i\6cov e^?;? irdvra ravra diroXoy-qaaaOai rols i/cel 
apyovatv ovre yap evddSe aoi (palverat ravra irpdr- 
rovri d/jcetvov elvac ovSe BiKatorepov ovBe oaicorepov, 
ovBe aXXco rcov acov ovBevl, ovre eKelae dfpiKOfMevcp 5 
d/xeivov karat. clXXd vvv /xev 7]SLKrjfievo<; diret, lav 
GLTrn]?, oi% vcfi? rj/jLoov rcov vby^cov aXXa viro dvOpcorrcov 

C iav Be i^eXOys ovrco? ala^pco<; avraBiKijaas re Kal 
avTitcafcovpyijo-as, rds aavrov ofioXoylas re teal %vv6i)~ 
/ca$ ras irpbs fjfjias Trapafias teal Ka/ca ipyaadfievos I0 
rovrovs 01)? ijKtara eBet, cravrov re Kal c^/Xof? real 
irarplBa Kal ?;//,£?, ?//xe£? re croc yaXerravovpuev £covn, 
Kal eKel 01 r)fierepoi dBeXcfrol ol iv " AlBov vo/jloc ovk 
evfievcos ae viroBe^ovrat, elBore? on Kal rjfAas irre^el- 
pi]cra$ drroXeaai to crbv fiepos. dXXa fii] ae irelarj 15 

D Kplrcov rrotelv a Xeyeu /xaXXov r) fjfJLels. 

XVII. Tavra, co (f^lXe eralpe Kplrcov, ev XaQi on 
iycoooKco aKoveiv, coarrep 01 Kopvflavncovres rcov avXcov 
BoKovatv ciKoveiVy Kal ev ifiol avrrj 1) r)^rj rovrcov rcov 
Xoycov ftojjiftel Kal irocel pJr\ BvvaaQai rcov aXXcov clkov- 20 
-eiv dXXa I'aOt, oaa ye ra vvv ifiol BoKovvra, iav Xey??? 
irapa ravra, /jbdriyv ipecs. o/jLcos jjuevrou ecn ocet rrXeov 
7roL7)aeLv, Xeye. 

KP. *AXX\ & ScoKpares, ovk e%co Xeyetv. 

E 212 . if Ea rolvvv, cb Kplrcov f Kal rrpdrrcofiev ravrrj, 25 
erretai"! ravrrj 6 6ebs v<pr}yetrat. 

2 TrdvTa ravra Bodl. Tub., ravra irdvra the edd. 7 

aXXa v-rrb Bodl. Tiib., aAA' vir the edd. 21 iav ri Bekk. 

with most mss. : but n om. Bodl. Tiib. Li the Bodl. a>s is 
added above the line before iav. 



NOTES 



THE APOLOGY. 



Introductory Notice. 

Socrates* death took place in the month of May, 300 b.c, when 
he was more than 70 years of age (Apol. 17 d. Crito 52 e). The 
interval between the trial and his death was very long, — thirty 
days altogether. The indictment against Socrates was as follows : 
-rates is guilty of crime, first for not worshipping the gods 
whom the city worships, but introducing new divinities of his own ; 
next, for corrupting the youth. The penalty due is death." 

The accusers of Socr. were three : Meletus, Anytus. and Lyco : 
see espec. Apol. 23 e. Meletus is also mentioned by Plato in the 
Euthyphro.2 BC as au^p veos Kcd ayvccs, T€Tavo6pL^ k<x\ ov irduv evy4~ 
veios, iiriypviros 8e, and in the Apology also Socr. speaks of him 
as an insignificant young man. Meletus, however, presented the 
indictment which was hung up in the portico before the office of 
the &pxw &z(Tl\€vs (hence Trepl tt/j/ tov fSao-iXews (Troav Euth. 2 a). 
According to the Schol. on Apol. 18, Meletus was rpaycpSlas QavKos 
Tron)TT}s, a statement also made by the Schol. on Aristoph. Frogs 
1302 : but it seems certain that we have here an error on the part 
of the Scholiasts who were led by Plato's words uirep twu ttoitjtccu 
axBofxeuos to identify the accuser of Socr. with the poet mentioned 
by Aristophanes 1. c, where he says that Euripides borrowed a 
1 deal of his poetry, — though this identification is absolutely 
impossible on account of the difference of time, as the Meletus 
mentioned by Aristoph. could not have been a young man in 300, 
even supposing that he was still alive. ATe know nothing more 
about Meletus, the accuser of Socr. from other sources, but it is 
Bible that he was the son of the Meletus mentioned by Arist., 
in which case we should also gain an explanation of the motive 
which Plato a>siLms for his share in the indictment of 8 



66 NOTES. 

The most influential of the trio was Anytus, a rich fivpeoSty-ns, 
i.e., a leather-seller, who is said to have been more especially in- 
censed against Socr. by the presumption with which the philoso- 
pher had ventured to dissuade him from bringing up his son to his 
own trade, as the young man had manifested much interest in 
philosophical speculation and conversation. No doubt Anytus 
hated Socr. above all as a " corrupter of youth." Anytus was 
rich, but had been exiled under the Thirty, and, like so many other 
patriotic citizens, suffered great loss of property. He had then 
taken a prominent part in the expulsion of the Thirty, and was at 
the time of the trial of Socr. one of the leading men in Athens. 1 
Socrates' interference in his plans with respect to his son may have 
been all the more galling to him, as his previous losses must have 
made him anxious that his son also should contribute his share 
towards the restoration of the family fortunes. Anytus must have 
classed Socr. with the Sophists, and his opinion of them may be 
gathered from Plato, Meno 91 b, where Socr. says, olada Br}irov kcl\ 
o~v on ovtol elo~\v o'tovs ol dvdpcoTTot KaXovcri aro(pL(rrds, and Anytus 
answers, 'Hpa/cAets, ev^iuei, do ^doKpares' fx^SevcL tgov avyyevcav fi^re 

olKe'lOOV JJL7JT6 (plAoOV fJL7]T6 OLO'TOOV fl7JT€ |eVo?^, TOLCLVT7] jUCLvia \6.{SoL &(7T6 

irapa rovrovs eXdovra Acofirjdrjj'ai, iftel ovtol ye (pavepd iari Atiofir) re 
kcu 8La(p9opa roov o'vyyiyvofxevoov. 

But besides this personal motive, Anytus no doubt bore also a 
political grudge to Socr. Anytus was, it has been seen, a repub- 
lican, and, as he had suffered for his cause, he was no doubt a 
radical. Now Socr. did not abstain from criticising the laws and 
government of Athens with the greatest candor, and even went so 
far as to admire the Spartan and Cretan institutions : see esp. 
Crito 52 e. 53 b. It is quite certain that, to a great extent, Socr. 
was blamed by the democrats for the misdeeds of Critias, who (as 
they said) had been his pupil, and, at all events, had been much 
in the society of Socr. when a young man, — Xenophon says in 
order to acquire an argumentative facility which might be service- 
able to his political ambition. But Critias had been the chief 
author of all the cruelties and spoliation perpetrated by the Thirty, 
and the fact is that Socr. shared the odium which attached to the 
name of Critias. In another of his "pupils" (I keep this appella- 
tion, though Socr. himself would reject it) Socr. had been sin- 
gularly unfortunate, viz., in Alcibiades, whose rashness had done 
much to accomplish the great downfall which resulted to Athens 
from the Peloponnesian war. 

1 See Frohberger's note on Lysias, Vol. I. p. 160. 



APOLOGY. 67 

Considering all these circumstances (which we can here only 

J.tly touch upon, though they could scarcely be exhausted in a 
copious treatise) it is not surprising to learn from Xenophon (Mem. 
1. 2, 9) that it was the general belief in Athens that Socr. "excited 
the young men to despise the established constitution, and to be- 
come lawless and violent in their conduct/' 

The displeasure which Meletus felt against Socr. in the interest 
of the poets may be easily accounted for when we read the corre- 
sponding passage in the Apology, and recollect the fact that Socr. 
;id to have been fond of citing the worst passages of great 
poets in confirmation of theories particularly disagreeable to the 
taste of an Athenian, e.fj., inferring from some lines of the second 
book of the Iliad that Homer praised the application of stripes to 
poor men and the common people (Xen. Mem. 1. 2, .56-50). 

As for Lyco, the third accuser of Socr., we know about him 
perhaps even less than about Meletus. Diogenes Laert. (2, 38) 
says that he was a demagogue, and from Plato we learn that he 

3 a pr]Twp — of what kind may be gathered from our note on 
Apol. 23 e. Socr. himself ascribes the success of the accusation 
to Anytus and Lyco (Apol. 36 a), and the latter must therefore 
have been of much service in conducting the trial. 

The cause of Socr. was what was technically styled kyeev Tifj.7)- 
tos, i.e., after the defendant was pronounced guilty by the judges, 
the punishment for his offence was left to them to fix ; but both 
the prosecutor and the defendant were called upon to propose 
such a punishment (riuaadai) as they considered fit for the offence. 
The punishment proposed by Meletus was death ; the one proposed 
or. may be learned from the Apology. 

The trial of Socr. was conducted before the riXiaaTai: on their 
number see note on Apol. 36 a. 

As for the defence of Socr., the reader is advised to study the 
Apology and the logical analysis of it which we subjoin : in gene- 
ral it may be said that the Apology, if not an exact reproduction 
of the speech made by Socr. at his trial, is doubtless an imitation 
of it so far as Plato's memory and own individuality (though tin's 
appears here entirely merged in the person of the historical Socr., 
while in Plato's other writings we generally have an ideal Socr.) 
enabled him to put down the arguments and expressions used by 
his master on that memorable occasion. This, at least, is the view 
taken by Grote, History of Greece, chap, lxviii., to which chapter 
on Socr. it serins desirable to direct the attention of the student 
after lie has fully mastered the Apology, Crito, and Phaedo. 



68 NOTES. 



Logical Analysis of the Apology. 

TIPOOIMION (exordium) 17 — 18 a: discarding all the usual 
rhetorical embellishments, Socr. is going to address the judges in 
simple, homely words, and say nothing but the truth ; at the same 
time he begs a favorable attention to this unusual kind of speech. 

ITPO0E2I2 (propositio) 18 b — 19 a : Socr. has to refute a double 
kind of accusation, viz., besides the one brought against him by 
Meletus, the popular prejudice raised against him and kept up by 
the charges of his enemies. 

I1I2TI2 (confutatio) 19 b — 27 e in two parts, and first ( — 24 a) 
the misrepresentations mentioned in the second place are shown 
to be entirely without foundation, and the difference between Socr. 
and the Sophists is pointed out. The origin of these accusations is 
found in the annoyance created to many citizens by Socrates' habit 
of examining into their knowledge, and the zeal of his disciples 
who imitate this proceeding ; but Socr. himself feels obliged to do 
so in consequence of an oracle of Apollo. To revenge themselves 
on Socr. these persons lay upon him the same blame as justly 
applies to the Sophists. 

The second part (24 b — 27 e) contains the actual refutation of 
the charge brought by Meletus, Anytus, and Lyco, and this charge 
being twofold, the defence also is subdivided into two parts. 

(a) Socr. shows that Meletus knows nothing of the art of edu- 
cation. If Socr. corrupts the youth it is necessary that he should 
do so either intentionally or unintentionally : the first he certainly 
does not, as only a madman could act so, it being the interest of 
all to live in a state composed of good citizens rather than of bad 
ones ; if the latter be the case, Meletus ought to have spoken to 
Socr. privately and not have treated his ignorance as a crime. 

(b) As to the charge of introducing new divinities in the place 
of those worshipped by the city, Socr. shows that Meletus seems 
here to contradict himself, as the assumption of a daemonium 
implies also«a belief in the existence of gods. 

I1APEKBA2IS (egressio or degressio) 27 e — 34 b. In spite of 
all these arguments Socr. feels nearly certain that he will be 
pronounced guilty, not so much on account of the charge now 
brought against him by Meletus, as in consequence of the gene- 
ral hatred against- him. Yet he does not regret his previous 
doings, as his conscience assures him that he has been doing 
right, and accomplishing the mission entrusted to him by God. 



APOLOGY. 69 

The fear of death shall not deter him from doing his duty, and if 
he were now released on the condition never to " teach " any more, 
he would refuse to accept life on these terms, as he knows he 
could not fulfil them. But should the Athenians sentence him to 
death, they will thereby deprive themselves of a monitor such as 
the gods will not again vouchsafe to their city. That Socr. was 
fulfilling a divine mission appears also from his poverty, which is 
caused by his postponing all domestic interests to his vocation of 
being a public monitor to the citizens. Socr. then adds a few 
words about his public life, and shows that there, too, he always 
intrepidly adhered to the principles of justice and honesty, even so 
as to brave the rage of a mob and the fury of the Thirty. Lastly, 
Socr. maintains that he is not responsible for the ill-deeds of 
some of those who used to be in his society and are called his 
pupils, as he himself never professed to teach them any thing. 

• (says he) has any one of the young men who were with him 
ever charged Socr. with corrupting him, nor have their parents 
or relatives done so : on the contrary many are now present at 
the trial, ready to help and support Socr. in any way they can. 

EniAOroS (peroratio) 34 c — 35 B. Contrary to the common 
habit of moving the judges to compassion in order to obtain a 
lenient verdict, Socr. says that he will do nothing of the kind as 
this would be equal to inducing the judges to violate their oath. 

The second part of the Apology requires no rhetorical disposition. 
Socr. confesses not to be surprised at the result of the trial : as to 
the TLixTiais winch he is now called upon to fix, he declares that he 
deserves the honor of dining in the prytaneum, if indeed he 
must justly estimate his own deserts. But he will yield to his 
friends so far as to offer to pay a fine which he is able to set down 
at 30 minae, his friends being ready to become securities for this 
sum, which would be above the means of Socr. himself. 

The third part is first addressed to those of the judges who 
voted for death, and to them Socr. predicts that they will soon re- 
pent of their injustice. Then, turning to those who voted in favor 
of him, he joyfully proves to them that he neither expects death 
like a coward, nor looks upon it as an evil. A last request 
Socr. has to address to his judges, that, should his sons ever pre- 
fer riches to virtue and think themselves wise without being so, 
they may be corrected and put right in the same manner as Socr. 
nimself used to act towards the Athenians. 



NOTES. 

References. — G. = Goodwin's Greek Grammar. H. = Hadley's Greek Gram- 
mar. M. & T.= Goodwin's Greek Moods and Tenses. 

Page 1, 1 The antithesis of vjwis and cyca 8e would lead us to ex- 
pect 6, tl vfjiels i*,h instead of o, tl /meu Uyttets, but the position of /meu 
in the first clause is due to the fact of the whole sentence being 
placed in opposition to the second clause, in consequence of which 
the antithesis between the two pronouns* becomes less emphatic 
than it would otherwise. — <3 dvSpes 'AGrjvaioi : this address occurs 
again and again in the Apology, Socrates intentionally avoiding the 
usual form of address towards his judges (rfkiavTai) : see 40 A, where 
he gives his reason for calling them avdpes diKao-ral for the first 
time in the whole speech. — «ir€ir6v9aT€ is here construed with virb, 
because it has the same sense as a passive verb, e. g. diaredeiaOe. 
In the same way we find in Xenophon ol virb rCbv detbv Kelfxevoi vo/ulol, 
i. e. ol virb t&v de&v redeifxevoL vojulol (but dcar^OeLjuiaL and redei^ivoi 
are not Attic in this sense), and in the best writers the constr. 
airodavew virb twos = awoKTeweadcu virb twos, etc. 2 eyw 8' o£v, 
"I at least." There is another reading £7077 odv ; if we adopt 
this, the apodosis would commence with ^aXieTa U, but "at least" 
is already expressed by odv. ical avros, "even myself," hence draw 
an inference as to what may have happened to you. 3 vir avTwv, 
"by their agency " : again eTreXaGdfJL^v, though in the middle voice, 
implies a passive meaning, " I was made forgetful." 6XI70V = 6\i- 
yov dew 22 A. G. 172, n. 2, end ; H. 575, a. oXiyov EireXadb^v 
states the fact, like the Latin prope oblitus sum, not essem. 4 irt- 
0avws, apte ad persuadendum : plausible, a very different thing 
from ak-qdes. which is directly, subjoined. — w$ giros elireiv, "as it 
were," i. e. not aKpifiei Xbyoj (going into detail) : so we have also cus 
eiirew alone in Thucydides, and Mem. Socr. 3, 8, 10, us avpeXwTc 



APOLOGY. jrj 

elireZv. G. 268 ; H. 772. Both oW-qBks and ovdfr are so placed as 
to make them very emphatic. 5 avr<av IV IGavjiaora .... tovto, 
M I admired them in this one of the many lies which they adduced": 
avrQp is from avros, and the genitive stands according to the com- 
mon construction of 6av/uL<ifa (davfxafa aov tt]v dpeTrjv or dav/xafa ae 
ttjs apeTqs) ; tovto is the epexegesis of ev, and tCjv iroW&v is the 
partitive genitive, to which &v is joined in accordance with the 
well-known figure of attraction (instead of a). 6 xprj, though the 
reading of only some mss. of the second order, is yet preferable to 
XPQf, which is given by the best mss., as XPV V e ^X. would mean, 
"you ought to be on your guard/' meaning that you are not (see 
below, 34 a) ; if XPW were the genuine reading, we should also ex- 
pect the optative e^a-war-qdelTe instead of the subj. 7 cos Seivov 
ovtos X€*y€iv, words of Socrates' accusers, detvos without Xeyew 
often denotes "eloquent," and oeLvoT-qs "eloquence." 9 2p*ya>, "by 
actual experience." — jrqS' ottwo-tiow, "not by any means": cf. 
26 £. 10 <j>cuva>|j.cu, M. & T. 61, 3 ; G. 232, 3. — avrcpv, "of them," 
just like clvtGjv after idav/xaaa above, 1. 5. 11 el \ii\ &pa, nisi 
forte is ironical, as it introduces an assumption which is certainly 
not that of the accusers: conf. 38 B. 12 €t p.€v -yap, "for if in- 
deed " : in our grammars we find the statement that after el fih the 
apodosis with 5e is frequently omitted, but in reality fxkv is here 
only a representative of [if)v. ci \4yova-iv, ojioXoyoitjv &v, M. & T. 
54, 1 ; G. 227. 13 ov kcxt& tovtovs was not understood by Mure- 
tus (Var. Lect. 3, 16), who was of opinion that ov should be struck 
out of the text. The sense is simply, "not after their fashion." 
Cf. Phaedo 108 D. Pdddell appropriately quotes Herod. 1, 121. 
See the conclusion of the first chapter 18 A. 14 i\ ti ^ ovSev aXi]- 
0€S, " hardly anything true " : for the phrase comp. Xen. Cyrop. 7, 
5, 45, fj TLva r) ovdiva olda, "I know hardly any one," and Her. 3, 
140, 2, ai>a(3e(3T)K€ 5' ij tls rj ovdeis. (Cron in his third edition writes 
7] rl in order to render rl more emphatic. Comp. also the crit. 
note.) 15 Trtxcrav ri\v dXifjGstav, " nothing but truth throughout ": 
cf. Horn, f" 122, eyCj tlo wacrav aXrjOei-qv /care\e£a. Q, 407, iraaav 
a\7}detr)v KaraXe^ov. 16 K€KaXXt€7TT]|X€VO-us, k. t. X. As we see from 
this passage, the KaWteTreia, or, to use the word more commonly 
employed by good writers, the eueVeta consisted mainly in the prop- 
er use of prffxara and ovo/jLara, i. e. choice and proper arrangement 



J2 



NOTES. 



of words and phrases: cf. Sympos. 198 B ; while the koc/xos tov X6- 
yov (ornatus) was the proper care and use of the various rhetorical 
figures. Kiddell shows that prjp.ara denoted whole expressions, 
while dvo/jLara means single words, the artistic use of which Socr. 
disclaims. 

Page 2, 1 cIktj is synonymous with drexvus, with which Plato 
joins it, Soph. 225 C. Cf. also rd eUfj Xeybjueva, Isocr. 4, 12. tois 
ktrnvyjovG-iv ovd^acri., "with the words which first offer themselves." 

3 dtXXws: let no one expect that I am going to speak otherwise 
than in a very homely manner. — T-rjSe ttj tjXikici, viro huiusce 
(i. e. meae) aetatis ; hence the participle irXdrrovTi in the masc. 

4 wo-irep jJL€ipaKio> is a common attraction instead of (bawep fieipd- 
kiov : see a similar instance, Xen. Cyrop. 1, 14, 15. — itXcxttovti 
X670VS refers not to artificial language, but to falsification (Ridd.) : 
cf. rt Xbyovs 7rXdrre6s, Demosth. de Cor. § 121. — els iifxas = els 
Bernards, and therefore also els diKacrT7)pioi>. 6 irapC€|icu is ex- 
plained by irapcuTovjLiaL in a gloss found in the Bodl. ms. : see 
27 b, where we have a direct reference to this passage, birep kolt 
apxas vp.ds 7rapr)Tr)ad/xr}v, and in Legg. 5, 742 B, the common read- 
ing is irapcuTrjadfjLevos, while good editions give iraplpLevos. 8 Kal 
ev &"yopa .... Kal &XX0G1 belong together. — lirl twv rpairejaiv : 
the counters of the bankers (rpaire^LTat tarpessitae) which are so 
frequently mentioned in Plautus and Terence. Cf. Hipp. min. 
368 B, iv dyopg, eirl tolls Tpair'efais. — Xva " where ":. the w r ord has 
this meaning several times in Plato, but very rarely in other prose- 
writers. Concerning Socrates' ubiquity it is interesting to read 
Xenophon's account, Mem. 1, 1, 10, eKelvbs ye del p.kv fy ev rep cf)ave- 
pu), 7rpwi re yap els robs irepLirdrovs Kal rd yvjuLvdaLa yet, Kal irXrjdoijo-rjs 
dyopas e/cei Qavepbs 9jv, Kal rb Xolitov del rrjs r)ju,4pas 9}v, oirov TrXeiarois 
fieXXot (TVPeaeddaL ■ Kal ZXeye [xev ojs to ttoXij, rots 8e ^ovXop,hoLS e£rjp 
dKotieLV. 9 8opvp€iv is the common word for any noisy expression 
of disapproval : see 20 E, 21 A. 11 G.va$i$r\ ko, : " I have gone up," 
on account of the position of the dLKaar^pia, most of which were 
situated in the higher parts of the town, near the dyopd. Comp. 
dvepaLvov below 40 B. — £n] ■ye-yovws, k. t. X., as Socrates was 72 
years old at that time. In Crito 52 E, merely the round sum 
of 70 years is mentioned. Even here many mss. (and the ex- 
cellent Bodl. among them) omit 7rXei'w, but Stallb. seems right in 



APOLOGY. 



73 



observing ad rim oratoriam ir\eio} iitique rcquiritur. 12 ttjs 4v- 
0d8€ Xejccos means rqs ev diKaarr) plots or diKavucijs. The genitive 
rrjs Xe^ecvs depends on £ei>cjs by the principle of G. 180, 1, and 1S2 ; 
H. 5S4, e. C£ Kiihner {ausfuhr. Gram.) 417. 13 In oicrirep o6v 
&v . . . . fuveYiYViuo-K€T€ 8t)7tov &v, the repetition of dv is due to the 
interposition of another sentence. In this way dv is sometimes 
repeated when the effect of it seems to be weakened by the great 
length of the whole sentence. 15 €T€0pdfiUT]v : in Latin we should 
be obliged to use cducatus esscm, but to the Greek mind an assumed 
fact presents the aspect of reality, as soon as the condition is settled 
under which it might take place. M. k T. 61, 2, or 64, 2 ; G. 232, 2. 
— Kal Sf| introduces the application which is made of an assumed 
case to the one before us. In the same way Kal v€v means "in the 
present instance," just as it would have been in the one previously 
assumed. Succuov "as something just." 16 ws *y€ uoi Sokw, just 
as in Latin id mild videor is used instead of videtur. I have kept 
the ms. reading instead of cos y e/xot 5okQ now found in all editions 
(except Cron's third ed.); it is evident that the pronoun is not em- 
phasized here, but only d>s 8okw, just as we should here say "as I 
believe," and not "as I believe." 17 4&v "leave aside," i. e. "pay 
no attention to." — x € ^P wv an( ^ peXi-uov may be understood by sup- 
plying "than the speeches of my accusers." 20 aim], viz. to see 
whether 5ikcucl Xeyerat 7) firj. 21 8ik<uo$ et|XL air. "I ought to de- 
fend myself." Cf. Crito 45 A. 22 \|/€v8ti, not \pev5us, on account 
of the construction KarTp/opelu ri twos. 25 irpbs vfi&s stands here 
after Karrrtopoi. yeybvacnv in the same manner as after Karrjyopu, 
Euthyphr. 2 C, epxerat Kar-qyoprio-uv [.wv irpbs rrjv iro\iv. — Kal irdXai 
iroXXd ^Stj 'irr\ is a tautological expression, as if we were to say, 
"even in olden times, many years ago." The second kcU before 
ovoev has nothing at all to do with the preceding /ecu, since it 
merely connects iroWoi and ovdev dXrjdes Xih/ovres, in accordance 
with the well-known expressions woWol Kal dyadol dvdpes, "many 
good men," or TroWd Ktd ay add, "many good things." 27 tovs 
du^l "Awtov, "Anytus and his associates"; Anytus is here men- 
tioned because he was the chief person among the accusers of So- 
crates. Hence Anyti reus Hor. Sat. 2, 4, 3. 28 vuwv toi»s ttoX- 
Xovs = toxjs irXelarovs according to a familiar idiom ; the article 
being here very differently used from tQv iro\\wi> 17 A, but having 
Lsely the same power as 19 D. 



74 NOTES. 

Page 3, 1 Ik irai8wv irapaXauPdvovTcs is the same as e/c viuv 
'Ka/JLJ3dvovTes J Gorg. 483 E : but 7rapa\a/j.f3dvu) is the- idiomatic ex- 
pression of a master taking a pupil under his care. — girciGdv t« ko.! 
KaTT]-yopovv €|xov instead of eweiOov (''were trying to persuade") 
KarrjyopovvTes, but each verb is more powerfully brought out by 
making both finite verbs. 2 tis SwKpdrqs, " a certain Socrates," 
with contempt. — cro<j>bs avqp again is not altogether flattering, as 
these words are only another expression instead of crocpLo-Trjs, and 
thus place Socrates on a par with the Sophists, whose doctrines he 
always combated. 3 The two expressions, p.€Te<opa <j>povTicnnr|s (in 
manifest imitation of the Aristophanean ij/vx&v o~o<pQv tout ecrrt 
<ppovTio-T7)piov, Clouds 94, and pLepL/xvocppovTio-Tai ib. 101, instead of 
fjL€T€(x)po(ppofTiaTai) and tcl vtto yi)s airavTO. &V€£t|tt]kggs characterize 
the two points in which the Sophists followed and adopted the 
studies of the old philosophers, especially those of the Ionic school. 
The expression" tu, im-b yfjs it would be difficult to substantiate, 
though we find it in Aristophanes, Clouds 188, ^tovctlv ovtol tc\ 
Kara yijs ; in the same way airavra shows the exaggeration naturally 
characteristic of the attacks made by the comic poets on Sophists 
in general, and in particular by Aristophanes on Socrates. In the 
construction p.€T€ft>pa <j>povTKj"nfj$ the subst. retains the case of the 
verb from which it is derived, as it = Qpovrifav : cf. 30 A, tqv 6e^ 
virripeo-iav. 4 The third expression, tov ^ttw .... itokSv, is the 
one which contains the most odious charge of all. Comp. Cic. 
Brut. 8, docere se profitebantur [the Sophists] quern admodum causa 
inferior (ita enim loquebantur) dicendo fieri superior posset. This 
charge is especially urged by Aristophanes, Clouds 112 fF. dvai irap 
avTols <pao~iv d/JL(poj rCo \6yw, Tov Kpelrrov, oaris ecrri, real tov ijTTOva. 
Ilovtolv tov erepov rotv \6yotv, tov ijrTOva, Ni/caV \iyovTa cpacri tcl8l- 
KwTepa. In the play itself the Aoyos di/caws and A. tidiKos are them- 
selves brought on the stage, and in the dispute which ensues be- 
tween them the latter gains the victory. 6 ot Seivoi : the article 
in the predicate means "those whom I previously designated as 
dangerous." 7 ovhk Geovs: the charge of atheism is likewise urged 
against Socrates and his disciples in the Clouds of Aristophanes. 
10 iv { • • . . emo-Te^o-are, "in which it was most natural that 
you should believe them." M. & T. 30, 2 ; G. 206 ; H. 704, end. 
12 epr|{Ai]v, sc. 81kt)v. G. 159 ; H. 547, b ; Jelf, 568. What eprj/jLTj 



APOLOGY. jr 

diKTj means is easily understood from the following airo\oyovn&ov 
ovdeuos. The expression Kar^yopeTv 81kt]v may be compared with the 
parallel phrase diLoxetp diKrjv. drexvm recurs below, D, and is often 
added to proverbial or otherwise significant expressions : cf. Lach. 
157 B. — After the relative clause 8 8c irdvTwv aXo-ycaTa/rov we 
should supply something like ean tqvto. But this is generally 
omitted in constructions of this kind. Cron quotes Sympos. 220 A, 
5 ir&vTUv doLVjAaaToraTov, XcoKparrj /jLeduovra oudeis irwirore ewpd/cet 
avdpuirwv. 14 irXVjv, M. & T. 53, n. 4. — d ti$ KO)p.a)8ioiroibs seems 
to be said rather contemptuously. Socrates means, of course, above 
all Aristophanes, but he had been attacked and ridiculed by Cratinus, 
Amipsias and Eupolis as well. 16 ol 8e, "some of them": a cor- 
responding ol nets is missing, though implied in xp&nevoL. 17 o/n-o- 
pwraToi, "very difficult to deal with": Hesychius explains diropot 
hy d/jL7jxapoL. 19 wo-irep o-KiajAaxetv, "so to say fight with shad- 
ows." The construction would be more logical if we had e\eyx oJ/TCL 
instead of the infinitive (and Hirschig actually corrects it so, as if 
he were revising a schoolboy's theme): but Plato, no doubt, pre- 
ferred the latter, as we have a participial construction directly after- 
wards, UTjdevbs a7roKpLvofjLevov. 21 a^icSo-a/re, "grant," "allow," or 
"assume." Cf. dftw/wi, "a mathematical assumption," "an ax- 
iom." 24 oir\Qr\Te, "believe" or "be of opinion": Socrates does 
not here adopt the common practice of asking the judges to deter- 
mine in what order they would like to see each point discussed, 
but gives them to understand that they ought to be satisfied with 
his treatment of the subject, as his way of dealing with it must be 
considered strictly logical. 

Page 4, 1 etev, "very well," an equivalent to &rrw, which often 
denotes that a concession is granted. 2 t>|i<Sv : a Roman would 
say ex animis vcstris. — ri\v 8ia(3o\Vjv means here the unfavorable 
opinion they had conceived (eVxere, note the second aorist, wdiich 
has always the sense of getting, not of having) in respect to Soc- 
rates from the criminations and slander (5lcl(3o\7} in its first sense) 
of his enemies. 5 el' to, "if anything." — irXe'ov ri fie -jr., f. e. that 
you should not only lose your unfavorable opinion of me, but should 
even conceive a favorable one. 8 tw Gew <{>iXov is an Homeric ex- 
pression, see e. g. a 82, el iikv drj vvv tovto cpiXov fiaKapeacn. Oeolcriv, 
and imitated by Horace Od. 2, 17, 2 dis amicum est. r£ 6e -J> with 



7 6 



NOTES. 



an article is just the reverse in English, "God," without an article. 
11 r\ irto-Teviwv, qua fretus (not cuijidem habens). 12 pi, -ypa<|>TJv : 
G. 159, n. 4 ; H. 555. €7pcu|/dTo : G. 199, n. 3 ; H. 691. 13 80- 
(SaXXov, "kept slandering me." 14 dvTWjiocrta is ypa<pr) Kara rivos 
Zvoptcos, irepl &v yfiiKr\(jdal (prjcri, according to Timaeus (gloss. Plat.). 
15 cl8ik€l = adiKos ecm. — 7T€pi€pYd£€T(u is here, "he makes him- 
self a nuisance by overdoing " that which is expressed in the parti- 
ciples directly following. 19 SwKpaTT] rivd, "a certain Socr.," 
i. e. not the real one, but altogether an invented figure. — ir€pi4>€- 
Pojjuevov depopa/retv: in Arist. Clouds 225, Socrates, seated in a 
suspended basket (Kpepiddpa), says depo/SartD Kal irepi<f>povu> tov ijXtou. 

21 wv irepi = irepl totjtoov &v irepi. — The phrase, (ovSev) ovtc p.€*ya 
oi>Te 0-p.iKpdv, is proverbial : see 21 b. Phil. 21 D, 32 e, 33 B 
(Stallb.). For lirata ircpC tivos, cf. Crito 48 A, and Lach. 199 A. 

22 ov\ cos dTip.d|cov, k. t. X., should be understood ironically, as 
we know from Xenophon that Socrates did not think very highly 
of this sort of study: see Mem. 1, 1, 11, ovde yap irepl ttjs tQp irav- 
Titiv (pvaetos rjirep rCov aXXwj> ol irXelaToi dteXeyero .... dXXd Kal tovs 
(j)povTi£ovras ra roiavra pmypalvovras airedeiKPvev. 23 |xt) ircos .... 
«[>i5*yoi|ii : this is again ironical ; Socr. insinuates that he will be 
careful in his expressions lest they should furnish Meletus with a 
fresh charge against him. M. & T. 82 ; G. 251 ; H. 721, 1. 24 4p.ol 
tovtcov o-uSev p,€T€CTTiv = ravra ovk eiri(TTap,ai, cf. 20 C. 

Page 5, 2 vjicov tovs iroXXovs, "most of you " : as they had many 
opportunities of seeing Socr. in public, see the passage quoted on 
p. 2, 8. 4 oi toiovtoi is the subject of the sentence, as may be 
seen by the addition of the article, which would be very unusual if 
oi tolovtol were the predicate ; iroXXot stands at the beginning of 
the sentence, to make it more emphatic. Translate, "for numer- 
ous among you are men of this class." 6 irepl €p,ov belongs to the 
relative clause a — \eyovo-iv, as it ought to be raXka ra irepl efxov, 
were it otherwise. 9 o{Jt€ 7' is Bekker's reading, which I have 
adopted, though most recent editors keep ovde y\ as given by the 
mss. ; but the preceding ovre seems here to necessitate a deviation 
from the ms. authority. In o-uSe tovto we have oide = ne — 
quidem in Latin. 11 xp 1 ll JLaTa irpaTrojiai, "make money for my- 
self." So fxio-dbv ttjs avvovaias irpaTTOfiai, Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 60. 
avyyiyveadai, jvvelvai, and avvovala are the usual words for the in- 



APOLOGY. 



77 



terconrse between master and pupil. — lirei : here "although," ori- 
ginally "for." 15 otos t €<ttIv is ironical instead of olos r elvai 
vo/jLtfeL. The sentence is altogether anacoluthic (H. 886), though 
easy enough to understand. ^Kao-Tos .... ireiGovcri is a constr. 
Kara vvvecnv, of which many other instances occur in the best writ- 
ers. H. 514, b. Notice the antithesis, irpoiKa £w€ivai and £w€i- 
vai xpTjjiaTa SiSovras {chiasmus). Instead of Kal \* irpoo-ciSevat 
we should expect k. %• 7rpo(jei56ras, but the infinitive renders the 
idea more prominent, wpoa- is "moreover." 20 , g<r0ofj.T]v, "I 
heard," sc. from Callias. 23 KaXXia t<3 'Ittttovikov : a well-known 
Athenian, whose house was always open to Sophists of all kinds, 
and is described as such in the first chapters of Plato's Protagoras. 
His inconsiderate liberality towards them finally exhausted his 
large fortune, and he died in poverty. 26 ^jxeXXev : M. & T. 64, 2; 
G. 235, note. 

Page 6, 1 dpe-nrjv: G. 159, n. 1 ; H. 548. 4 dv0po)7rivT]s .... 
iroXiTiKfjs are connected in the same way as in the well-known ex- 
pression of Aristotle, avdpuwos <pvaei ttoXltlkov £Cbov (Pol. 1, 2). 
6 8id .... ktt)<tiv, "because you possess these two sons." 8 iro- 
o-ov : G. 178 ; H. 578, b. — Efojvos : see Schneidewin, Del. 1, p. 133. 
Modern editions have Eir^i/as, in accordance with the general accen- 
tuation of proper names ending in r)vos : but Gbttling (on Accents, 
p. 200) is in favor of Evtjjsos, as the Bodl. ms. has it. — The sum 
which Euenns exacted as his fee was very small : of Protagoras we 
know that he demanded one hundred minae. 10 ci .-. . . ^x 01 
Kal .... 8i8do"K€i : the change from an optative to an indicative in 
a dependent clause is by no means scarce in the best writers, and is 
due to the general tendency of the Greek language to mix and con- 
fuse the peculiarities of direct and indirect speech. M. & T. 70, 2, 
Rem. 1, end ; G. 247, n. 1. 11 IjAfJieXws (from i/jLfjLeXrjs, literally 
iv fx£\ei &v, keeping to the proper tune) is ironical : Socrates sneers 
at the magnitude of Euenus' promises as contrasted with the small 
fee. — iKoXX-uvofiTiv, k. t. X., " w T ould -give myself airs " : in the same 
sense Plato says, Phaedr. 236 D, iravaca. irpbs /j.e KaWwirL^bixevos, and 
Lacm 196 B, rl av tls — /jl&ttjv Kevols Xbyots avrbs avrbv kcht/jloi ; 
14 dXX* — : what you say may all be true : but how is it as to the 
origin of the stories circulated about you? irpd^/jAci, "pursuit, 
study": cf. Euthyd. 304 A, x^P L ^ u 7^ TL Trpayfid cvtlv i) (p<.\ocro(pia 



78 



NOTES. 



(i [noted by Eiddell). 17 ircpiTTOTepov 7rpaY|iaT€V€<r8ai has the 

same sense as Trepiepydfccrdai, 19 B. — ovhev assumes here a fact, 
while ix-qdev would give a hypothetical sense: "for since you, as 
you say (19 c), worked at nothing with greater excess than others, 
report and talk of this importance could not arise, unless you did 
something different from the occupation of others." If we trans- 
late the passage in this way, it will appear that the two parts of the 
sentence, crov — Trpaytia.Tevojj.frov and el jjlt) tl eVparres, etc., have 
by no means the same sense, as some editors assume. — frreiTa is 
"after all," and is frequently found so in the best writers after a 
participle: see Stallb. on Phaedr. 70 e. So also etra, cf. Eur. 
El. 922, 1058. 20 ai;TC(rx€8i&£a}|j.€v, "make random guesses." 
25 o-uSev dXX* t], "nothing but." — <rc<j>iav nva : the pronoun is 
added, because Socrates himself would hardly admit the name aocpia 
in its strict sense. 26 goxqKa (see on p. 4, 1. 3), "I have ob- 
tained," and so "have, possess." — iroiav 8f| <ro<|>iav is dependent 
on did in the preceding sentence. 

Page 7, 1 ravrr\v : G. 159, n. 1 ; H. 548. 3 ^ ovk fyw T ^ X€*ya>, 
"or — I don't know by what name to call it," though it is evident 
that Socr. means this kind of wisdom is either above human power 
or — beneath it. Upon \eyo> see M. & T. 88 ; G. 256 ; H. 720, c. 

5 |xr| 0opvpTj<r»]T€, " do not hiss now" \ cf. 1. 15, jjt) dopifieiTe. 

6 \Uya Xe-yeiv like magnum loqui = jxeyaXTryopeiv, "talk big." 

7 d|idxp€ws is explained = d^ibirio-Tos by Hesychius. Aristides, in 
imitating this passage, says, els d^Loxpeuv jidpTvpa dvoio-ojjev (Or. 
Plat. 2, p. 345, Vol. III. Cant). 10 Xaipe<f>covTa : Chaerephon is 
mentioned by Xenophon (Mem. 1, 2, 48) among those friends of 
Socr. ot eKeU'Cp avprjaav, ovx &'a drj/uiTf/opLKol yfroivTO, a\\ Iva koXol 
tc Kdyadol yevbjievoL koX otictp /cat ot'/cerats Kal cpLXois /cat 7ro\et /cat 7ro- 
XtVats dvvaivTo ko.\Qs xPV°'^ aL ' on account of his enthusiastic attach- 
ment to Socr. he incurred the ridicule of the comic poets. 11 i/pov 
tw ttXtjGci = tu) drj/uLcp and thence tt) dyfj.oKpaTia. — €Tcupos has often 
a political sense, cf. Gorg. 510 A, tt,s virapxcvcrris 7ro\tretas eTalpov 
elvai. 12 ttjv <JnryTjv Taiirriv : when after the capture of Athens by 
the Lacedaemonians the thirty tyrants were established, many 
Athenians who would not submit to oppression and persecution 
fled to Thebes and Megara, whence they returned afterwards under 
the command of Thrasybulus. Eiddell justly says : "This flight, 



APOLOGY. 



79 



as an event still vividly remembered, is called Tatirrjv, 'the recent.' " 
— KCLTepxofJLctL is the usual word to express return from exile : tdicas 
be iiri tQv (pvydbup xP^ UTaL T< ? ^ccrepxerai, Scbol. ad Arist. Ran. 

1196. 16 et e&i : M. & T. 70, 2 (Examples, p. 151) ; G. 

p. 185, Opt. 17 aveiXsv oSv : this odv relates to /mdpTvpa vplv ivapk- 
£op.ai rbv Qebv. As to the fact itself, comp. Xen. Apol. 14, where 
Socr. is made to say, dvei\ev 6 'A7r6XXa;z>, /uL7]5ei>a elvai dvdpumojv e/xoO 
fir)T€ e\evdepiwTepov fi-qre ducatoTepov fir}re (Tuxppovearepov. 18 6 aScX- 
<j>bs avToii : his name was Chaerecrates (Xen. Mem. 2, 3, 1). 
23 alviTT€TCH : "what is the god hinting at," on account of the 
usual obscurity and hidden wisdom of the Delphic oracles. 26 Q4- 
jxls, fas : the same expression we have of Apollo in Pindar's Pyth. 9, 
42, tov ov deptrbv xf/evdec dtyetv, and in general Plato says (Rep. 2, 
382 f), irdvTrj yap d^evbes to baL/xovibv re Kal to deiov. 27 fxovis 
ird.ru, vix tandem (as Ficinus translates), originally aegerrimc, i. e. 
with much hesitation and repugnance. 

Page 8, 2 twv Sokowtwv = tCov kv bb^rj ovtwv, qui existimaban- 
tur. 3 tw xP'H (r K >( & J us ^ as if ° Xpyvpos were a person to argue 
with. 6ti is frequently prefixed to direct speeches, doing, so to 
say, the same service as oar inverted commas. 6 irpbs #v belongs 
to Ziradov : cf. Gorg. 485 B, bixotbraTov irdax^ irpbs rods (ptKoaocpovv- 
ras ibairep irpbs rovs iral^ovras. 7 Kat 8iaXe70fi.€VOS avTw as well as 
the preceding o-kohw are not in accordance with the following 
28o£i jioi (anacoluthon ; H. 886), which would have required <5ta- 
ckottOsv and bia\eybp.evos to be in the dative. — g-kottcov Kal SiaXe^o- 
|i€vos is to be understood so as to make the biaXtyeadai the means 
of the (TKoizelv. 12 irpbs 4|j.avTbv .... eXo-yi^o jjlt^v, mecum (or, as 
Plautus would say, cum animo meo) cogitabam: cf. Phaed. 95 E, 
irpbs eavrbv tl <rKeydp,evos. 16 oo-Trep o£v, " as in reality." 18 firj : 
M. & T. 58, 3, 61 ; G. 231 ; H. 835. 24 on air^xOavo^v is con- 
strued in accordance with alvdavbixevos Kal XvTrov/xevos, as bebtus 
would require n% direxOavoi/irjv, M. & T. 46 ; G. 218 ; H. 743. 
25 6'p.cos Se, sc. Kalirep \vttov/ul4i>u) Kal debtbri. The constr. is some- 
what negligent, the words tipuos — eboKei elvai being conceived as an 
independent clause, while they ought to form the second part of 
the clause dependent on the participle. But transitions of this 
kind impart to Plato's style the appearance of the graceful negli- 
gence of conversational language : see e. g. Lach. 196 e, tovto 5£ 



8o NOTES. 

Xeyo) ov naifav, dXX' dvayndiov olfxai instead of oIgjjlcvos. — to tov 
Qiov = to deiov, so to say, the divine mission entrusted to me. 
26 It€OV oSv, sc. elvai dependent on i8oK€L. — o-kottowti : the im- 
perfect participle, as Socr. continues an action previously com- 
menced ; aK€\pofji€PU3 would mean that he was about to commence 
it. — xpr\ar[LQv: prolepsis. H. 726. 27 vi) tov kvvo. : a favorite 
protestation of Socr. Suidas says that oaths of this kind were in- 
troduced by Rhadamanthys virep rod per] rovs Oeotis iirl irdcriv 6vo/jl&- 
£eiv. Gorg. 482 B we have p.a tov kvvcl tov AlywirTiuv Oebv (the dog- 
headed or rather jackal-headed Anubis). From a note by Rhangabe, 
in his 'EWtjvlkt] XprjaTopLadeia, tojul. tp'lt. (Athens, 1852) I learn koX 
Tihpa (nowadays in Greece) 6/jlvvovv ol dirXo?' fid to tJ/u/jll (bread). 
This cannot mean the consecrated bread of the sacrament, as a mod- 
ern Greek would then say /m tov dpTov. 

Page 9, 1 €v8oKip,o-0vT€S = ev KaXrj do^rj Svtcs. — 8eiv : G. 268 ; 
H. 772. 2 Kara tov 0€ov, auctore deo, see also 23 b. Rhangabe 
compares the modern Greek vd ' puX-qarcojuiev (= 6/jllX.) /card Oebv, b-q- 
Xabq kclOCos 6eXei t diaT&TTei, 6 6ebs. 3 8okovvt€S <j>avXoT€poi be- 
long together, " having the reputation of belonging to a more com- 
mon sort." 4 7rpds, "as far as — was concerned." 5 i'va . .. . 
•yevoiTo : Socrates' original endeavors were made in order to refute 
the oracle, but the very reverse (confirmation of the truth of it) was 
the result. These two ideas are here united, just as if Socr. were 
laboring to prove that the oracle could not be refuted. Stephan. 
(and Madvig, Adv. Crit. I 368) propose tva /mr) /jlol, but this seems 
not at all necessary. The optat. yevoiTo, because wovovvtos in an 
indie, tense is = ewovovv. kcii is "even." 8 Kal tovs dXXovs: 
see the passage from the Ion quoted below. — 4ir' avTocjxopo), "mani- 
festly " (eir clvtStttcx), £ir o\f;ei Schol.), i. e. beyond doubt. 11 ire- 
irpay\Lo.TzvG'QoLi, "worked out." — SnrjpcoTtov &v, "I would ask them" 
(denoting a repeated action). M. & T. 30, 2 ; G. 206 ; H. 704. 
So again av eXeyov. 12 &jjlci : besides the endeavor to find out the 
truth or falsehood of the oracle, there was also the second intention 
of profiting somewhat by their instructive conversation. Similar 
stories are related of modern poets, e. g: of Wordsworth and Goethe. 
16 ev 6Xryo>, sc. XP&V- 18 <j>vcr€i, "by some natural instinct": 
cf. Ion 533 E, TrdvTes yap o'l re tCjv e-jr&v ttol^toX ol dyadol ovk ek 
T^X v V s y aXX 5 Zvdeoi ovTes Kal KaTexo/ievoL (inspired) irdvra Tavra tol 



APOLOGY. g I 

Ka\a \eyovo~L iroirjuara, kclI ol fMeXoirotol ol dyaOol loctcujtus .... are 
odv ov T€X V V TTOLovures, dWa Beta fJLolpa, tovto \xbvov olos re eKacrros 
-woielv /ca\u)s, ecp' 6 i] MoDcra avrbv tipfATjaev, 6 /xe*> dc6vpdfx(3ovs, 6 5e 
iyKu/Jua, 6 8e vTropxw aTa > ° ^ ^Vj ° &' Idfipovs . . ^ . did ravra be 6 
debs e^aipovfievos tovtwv tov vovv tovtols XPV T0LL vTrrjpeTais Kal toIs 
Xpycptybdls Kal tols [xdvieai tols Qeiois. 23 & (ace. of specif. ; or 
cognate ace. G. 159, n. 1 ; H. 548) ovk fjo-av, sc. <ro<poL cf. Xen. 
Mem. 4, 6, 7 6 eiriiTaTaL e/cacrros, tovto Kal aocpbs eaTiv. 26 TeXev- 
twv, "finally." With the Greek construction dpxbj^evos or TeXevrQv 
7ja comp. the French "je finis par aller." 

Page 10, 2 toijtov: G. 174; H. 580. 3 f|iri<rTavTO, "they un- 
derstood at the time when I visited them " (ore eV avTovs ga). In 
the same way we should explain the impf. fjirio-TdfJiTiv. 5 8ir€p 
Kal .... Kal ol try. 8r,a. The two /cat are correlative, although they 
belong to different clauses. So in Xen., boKel /llol Kal ra tQv dvbp&v 
aufiaTa Tavrd ird<Jx 6Ll/ direp Kal rd tCov ev tt$ 77) (pvoixevuv, quoted by 
Kr tiger, § 69, 32, 13. Hirschig seems not to have understood this 
peculiarity of Attic Greek, as he thinks that the words /cat ol dyadol 
87)fjuovpyoi were added by an interpolator. d"ya8oi may be ironical (cf. 
Soph. Antig. 31, Tocaurd <pacn top dyadbv KpeoPTa — Krjpv^avT £x eLt/ ), 
though it must not necessarily be so. 6 8id to, k. t. X., details the 
reasons for the general opinion given in TavTov /ulol ebo^av ^x eLV o\f^dp- 
TTjfxa, and there is no doubt that the addition of yap after bed would 
be very welcome if only the best mss. had the word. As it is, it 
stands only in one ms. and even there m. 2. 7 TcuXXa rd [kiyicrra 
should be understood more esp. of politics and political administra- 
tion. So (7006s Ta fxeydXa, Eep. 4, 426 C, and eirl rd fiei^o iwivoeii 
Tpe'ireadai Kal dpxetv ti/uluv eirtxeipeis, Menex. 234 A. Do we not find 
exactly the same nowadays? 9 direKponrTev, "was always cover- 
ing their real wisdom." See, however, crit. note. — dvcpcoTav = 
(bare efiavrbv dv-qpwTwv (kept asking). — vtrep tov XP 1 ! "! 10 ^ n0 ' 
mine oraculi (Stallb.) and so "in favor of the oracle." 10 Scjjai- 
\ir\v av, "should accept," i. e. "be content." 12 t^jv d|ia6iav, sc. 
avrdv. — d|J.<j>0T€pa, then = ttjv o~o(p'iav Kal ty)i> d/u.adiai> avr&v. 
17 olat x a ^ e7r " TCLTal ) K » T « ^*> == ToiavTat olai xaXe7rd;rarat elai, 
cf. Xen. Mem. 4, 8, 11, ZwKpdTrjs eboKei toloutos elvai olos dv etrj 
dptarbs ye dv y qp Kal evbaifiovearaTos^ for which he might also have 
used the shorter form eboKei ehai olos dpiaros dvrjp. 18 ovojia 8£ 



82 NOTES. 

tovto \iyta-Qai is, as the infin. shows, conceived as dependent upon 
ware, and thus co-ordinate with 7ro\\<xs 5ta/3. — yeyovevai : but, on 
the other hand, 8e shows that it is also logically connected with 
iroWal jxev direxOecai /ulol yey bvaaLV, so that we should rather expect 
eKeybwv instead of the intin. <r<xj>6s etvat is the epexegesis of 
tovto : the nom. should be explained by a slight anacoluthia (the 
ace. being what we should expect), just as if the constr. had been 
4k TavT7](ri ttjs €^€rd(T6ios — a7rr)x6vf JLaL or direx^ris yeyova. — elvai 
after a verb of naming is not scarce: e. g. Protag. 311 E, o~o(pio~T7)v 
dvojUL&frvo-L rbv avbpa elvai, and Lach. 192 A, tovto 6 tv irdaLV 6vo[id- 
fets TaxvrvTa elvai. 20 k?e\(yfr : M. & T. 62 ; G. 225, 233. — 
to &*€, "on the other side": Stallb. quotes instances of this usage 
from Rep. 1, 340 c ; Menon 97 D ; Theaetet. 157 A. As we have 
here to 5e t$ ovti, so we find to 8e dX-qBela ye, Legg. 5, 731 E. 
23 Kal otiSevos is emphatically added after oXiyov : cf. a similar in- 
stance Theaet. 173 E, tclvtcl irdvTa Tjyrjcrafxevrj afjuKpd Kal ovde'v. In 
Latin atque is repeatedly used in a similar manner, e. g. Cic. Or. 
§ 52, rem difficilem, di immortales, atque omnium difficillimam. 
24: tovto Xe'"yeiv is the reading adopted by Stallbaum, and quoted 
by Bekker from £ et corr. D, while the majority of the mss. have 
tovtov, and most editors read tout ov from a conjecture of F. A. 
Wolf. This is explained, apparet hoc non me, Socratem, signifi- 
care. But we rather expect the sense manifesto hoc de me dicit, 
and tovto is just as easily got, if not more so, out of tovtov as 
Tovr ov. Xeyeiv Tivd tl is a very frequent constr. G. 165. The 
strongest proof of the justice of the reading adopted by us lies in 
the prepos. irpbs, " moreover," in irpoo-Kexprio-daL. 

Page 11, 1 wcrirsp dv {itoloIto) cl €'i7roi would be the full construc- 
tion, el is not found in any ms. , but is no doubt rightly added by 
Stephanus, Heindorf, and Bekker. Cf. Phaed. 98 E. 4 tcu)t ofiv 
= did tclvt odv. Cf. Protag. 310 E, dXX avTa raura Kal vvv tjkco 
irapd ae, "for this very reason I have now come to you." The 
editors commonly adopt Kal twv |€V«v against the authority of the 
Bodl. Riddell seems to have been the first to conform to the read- 
ing of the best ms. : he quotes Phaedr. 85 A, avTv 77 re drjdcbu Kal 
XeXidwit Kal 6 ^woxf/, and gives many similar passages from Plato in 
his Digest of Idioms, § 237. 7 tw 6ew porjGwv, by proving his 
oracle to be true : see P. 10, 9, vwep tov x/^/xoO. 10 €V irevta 



APOLOGY. 



83 



jAvpta, "in the greatest poverty": in Xen. Oecon. 2, 3, Socrates 
says that all his possessions do not exceed the value of 5 minae 
(nearly £9). Lines by Eupolis on Socr.'s poverty are mentioned 
by Olympiodorus on Pliaed. 1 4, fu<r£> 5' eyuye *LuKpdr7]v rbv Trrwx ov 
adoXeaxVv, bs rdXXa fxev irecppovriKev birbdev be Kara<payelv %X 0L > r °v- 
rov KarriniXriKev. fxvpios is often used in the sing, in the sense of 
iroXvs : so ctxos fivpiov in Homer T 282. Riddell adds, Legg. 677 c, 
fxvplav tlvoL <po(3epdi> iprj/jiiav. — Instead of ttjv tov 0cov Xarpeiav it 
might also have been ry deep, cf. rqv tw 6eip vir7]pealav 30 A. The 
same constr. as here is found in Phaedr. 245 E, Karacpvyovaa irpbs 
OeCov ei'xds re /cat Xarpeias. 13 avTojiaroi (i. e. without being in- 
vited to do so) belongs to ewaKoXovdovvres. This is a hit at the 
Sophists, whose practice it was to attract rich pupils by great and 
exaggerated promises of what they would be able to teach them. 
15 Kdl avTol, "among themselves," = d\\rj\ovs e^erd^ovres. This 
explanation is necessary on account of the following eZra, which 
shows that these words have a different sense from dXXous e&rdfciv : 
the antithesis of the two parts of the sentence should, therefore, be 
found in avroi and aXXous. For the sense which avroi then has, 
com p. the phrase avroi eajiev, "we are alone," or "among our- 
selves." Probable as this explanation seems (it is given by Pfulil 
in the Jahrb. 1863, p. 417 f.), it should be observed that it does 
not harmonize with a similar passage Rep. 539 B, ol ixeipaKio~Koi, 
brav rb irpCorov Xoywv yevuercu, cos Trended aureus /caraxp^rat, del 
els dvriXoyiav xP&P-evoi, /cat pufiov'/jLej'oi rovs e^eXeyxovras avroi aX- 
Xous eXeyxovat. .... /cat e/c rovrwv br) avroi re /cat ro 6\ov (ptXoo~0(f)ias 
vipi els rovs aXXovs dia(3e(3X7)vraL. — dra stands in many passages 
where we should expect /cat etra (Kara) : cf. Theaet. 151 c ; Euthyd. 
2 ( J5 cd ; Phaedr. 63 c ; Cratyl. 411 b ; Rep. 336 B, and below, 31 A. 
pLifiov/xeitoL (which is found in Hermann's edition) is merely a con- 
jecture of Fischer, and by no means necessary. 18 6X170. ^ ovSe'v, 
"little or rathe?' nothing": comp. the similar expression 7) n 7) 
ovbev 17 B, and Phaedr. 244 B, (3pax^a 7) ovbev. The same phrase 
is quoted from Alciphr. 3, 4, oXlya 7) ovbev btacptpovai. 19 ovx axi- 
tois is the reading of the best mss. and far more expressive than 
the common reading ovk avrois. Socr. says that those i^era^6p.evoc 
ought to have been angry with themselves for having their ignorance 
>sed by their own fault ; the other read, ovk avrois w T ould mean 



84 NOTES. 

"they get angry with me instead of those who convince them of 
their ignorance." 20 For Swicpo/rTjs tis see on p. 3, 2. 23 to. 
Ka-ra .... TaOra: cf. Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 31, to kolv^ tols (pcXoaocpoLs 
V7t6 T&v 7toX\Qj> iTTLTL/LLib/jiepov €7n(p€pujp avrd, where i] \6ywv rex^rj is 
more especially meant, here expressed by the words tov f]TTca X. tcp. 
it. 25 Sri to, p,€T€o>pa — iroictv : sc. SlHctkuv 8icupdeipei rovs veovs ; 
the two ace. ^lerecopa koI rd vwo yyjs and the two inf. vo/iifav and 
ivoi€iv equally depending on dtddo-Kcju. Of. 26 c. 

Page 12, 2 Trpoo-7roioij[xevoi, €18ot€s : G. 280, n. 1 ; H. 797, 1. 
— elSeW is said in its most general sense "to have knowledge," 
and it is not necessary to add ri after pip, as Heindorf does. 4 The 
best mss. give £wT€Tery|i€va)s, which is explained by Stallb. and 
others acie instructa, i. e. omnibus paratis calumniis euirt aggre- 
diebantur: metapliora petita est a militibus in acie collocatis, but 
the rest of the sentence seems hardly to harmonize with this assumed 
metaphor, least of all irieavws. It is therefore more than probable 
that Ast's conj. ^vurerapLeuajs is what Plato wrote: it is also found 
in two mss. (£T Bekk.) : the same error occurs in the mss. Phileb. 
59 A, and could occur all the more easily as y in Greek before jul had 
and still has a very soft pronunciation, so as to disappear entirely 
in many cases in modern Greek, e. g. Tpdfxa fid\afm f for wpaypia 
fi&XayjULa. fuvT€Ta|Aeva>$ means contente dicere, cf. contentio in Latin, 
used of a speaker. 6 On McXtjtos, "Avvtos and Avkwv see above 
pp. 65-67. 8 The 8t)|uoi>pyoi are ridiculed above 22 d, on ac- 
count of their pretended political wisdom, so that it is not impos- 
sible to explain the reading of the mss., especially as Anytus (a 
pvpcrode^yjs by profession) had taken a prominent part in politics 
during the time of the 30 tyrants, above p. 66. But, on the other 
hand, it may be said that the passage seems to correspond so well 
with Socrates' account of his t visits to the toXitlkoI, TroirjTai, and 
drjjuiLovpyoi (22 A ss.) that one would like to have the parallelism as 
complete as possible. Now the iroL^rai and dyfuovpyoi occur in 
both passages, and we may easily infer that the ttoXltlkoI of 22 A 
are identical with the prjropes of 23 E : and this opinion seems sup- 
ported by Demosth. Phil. 4, 70, p. 150, where ol iroXiTevoiJLevoL (py- 
ropes) are mentioned (cf. Olynth. 3, -30 ; Eehdantz, 12 phil. Eeden, 
Einl. p. 53), so that I confess that it seems not improbable to me 
that Plato wrote, "Avvtos 8$ virkp rCov drjfjuovpywi', Avkwv de virep tQ>v 



APOLOGY. 



85 



prrrbpuv t&v ttoXitlkCov, or perhaps even kolI rCov iro\. Cobet (Var. 
Lect. p. 299) considers the words /cat rCov tto\ltlkCoi> as altogether 
spurious. Cf. also Gellius 3, 13, Call 1st rat us Athcnis orator in re 
publicafuit quos illi brjiiayooyovs appellant. Lyco belonged no 
doubt to the same class as Callistratus. Instances of the constr. 
axQofxcu virep twos are quoted by Stallb. from Gorg. 457 D, and 
Aristoph. Lysistr. 10. 12 The words tcivt 'ia-nv v\lIv TdX^Gf) 
refer to p. 1, 15, v/iels .... a\r)6eiav. ip.iv is dat. ethicus. 15 tous 
avrois, "by the same things." 16 T€K|iT|piov : the inference is in 
accordance with the maxim in Ter. Andr. 68, Veritas odium parU. 
18 ovtcos €vpTj<T€T€, sc. ovra or £x 0VTa '•> Dut ft i s n °t necessary to 
add a participle in the text as Hirschig does : com p. the similar 
case of ellipsis in the phrase ravra p.ev odv 8r) ovtus, sc. e% et or evri- 
20 wv: G. 153, n. 1 ; H. 810. 21 irpbs vip.ds, "before you," orig. 
"towards you": cf. the expressions &tt o\oyelo~dcu wpbs rovs St/ccco-rd?, 
irpbs rovs Karrryopovs, -n-pos ra KaTrjyoprjfjLem, and see IS A. 22 o>s 
<(>t]o-i, ironical: Meletus is "an honorable man" and a patriot in 
his own estimation. 24 wcrirep, "just as if," — for in reality their 
accusations are identical, those of the latter being only the result 
of the former. 25 ^x €l *>& irws cSSe : Socr. does not give the exact 
words of the avTup.oo-ia, they were as follows, o\8lk€l Sw/cpar^s ovs 
ixh i] 7t6\ls vo/uLifei Oeovs ov vojdfav, erepa 8£ kouvcl dai/moi'ia elo-qyov- 
fievos ■ cl8lk€7 5e Kal rods veovs diacpOeipuv Tifir)fxa O&varos. 

Page 13, 7 crn-ovSfj xctpi€VTt^€Tai, serio iocatur, an o&nupov which 
would be even more pointed if it were <rirov8rj iraifri, but see be- 
low 27 a. The sense is : Meletus treats a very serious matter, a 
matter of life and death, just as if it were a mere joke. — paSuos, 

re, without sufficient cause and thought. — els ayan/a Ka- 
0io-Tavai, lit. "to put into a lawsuit," i. e. "to accuse." 9 wv is 
dependent on ifjLeXrjcrev, not on ov8ev. tovto> is more emphatic than 

1 would be. 10 kolC belongs to vp2v, as its mere position indi- 
cates. Socr. is going to convince them, too, of the truth of his as- 

i >n, just as he himself is already convinced of it. 11 Sevpo, 
qvtl rod Zpxov, Bekk. Anecd. 1, 88 : "come, tell us " = Wl 8r/ vvv dirk 
L 13. — (LWo tl ^ is an elliptical expression: cf. Herm. ad Viger. 

tO, n. 110 (Kriiger § 62, 3, 8). Lit. "is it anything else or do 

— ?" 13 ifowrai: M. & T. 45; G. 217. — 'tycoye, sc. xe/oi 
7to\\o0 iroiovp-ai. 14 fie'Xov yi (roi, absol. constr. "since you care 



for this." G. 278, 2 ; H. 792. 15 tov 8iacJ>0€£povTa is predicate 
to £[A€, but this is at the end of the constr. so as to throw more em- 
phasis on it. — elo-cLYtis, sc. els hiKadr-qpiov (or els hKaards), here 
with a dat. toutouti (of. Xen. Mem. 2, 4, 3, tols fiev oUerais /cat 
larpovs eladyovras, although this instance is not quite to the point) : 
Stallb. well compares Virg. Aen. 2, 457, avo jpuerum Astyanacta 
trahebat instead of ad avum. Cobet Var. Lect. p. 299 writes els 
Tovrovfjl and considers the words /cat Kar-qyopels as a gloss. 16 tov 
.... iroiovvro/r prolepsis. H. 726. 19 ov— Xe*y«: above 1. 9. 
20 jjl£jjl€Xt]K€V, sc. T&v it pay fxdrcop irepl &v irpocnroiet awovdafav kclI 
Krjdecrdcu. 23 oi3toi, ot SiKacrTai, "these here, the judges." ol'Se 
is then used, inasmuch as the present assembly of judges is instar 
omnium. 27 vi\ ttjv "Hpav, a favorite oath of Socr. : Gorg. 449 D. 
Theaet. 154 D ; Hipp. mai. 287 A, 291 e. 

Page 14, 3 aXX' &pa jitj, "but should it not be that ?" an ironi- 
cal way of advancing a supposition. 4 ot eKKXTjo-iao-Tai is brack- 
eted in accordance with Cobet Var. Lect. p. 299. 10 ot p.ev .... 
eivcu, sc. 8oKovai, which is easily supplied from the preceding doKel 
^X eLl/ ' 17 kdv : upon the meaning of edv in such sentences see M. 
& TV 71, n. 1. Translate, "should you and Anytus deny it or ad- 
mit it." — ov <|>fjT€ expresses one idea only, = negare, and this ac- 
counts for the seeming deviation from the rule according to which 
juafj and not ov should stand after el, eav, ha, ocppa and oirws. G. 
219, 3, small type ; H. 842 ; M. & T. 47, 3, note. 18 et— 8ia- 
<j>Gcip€i — a><|>€Xova-iv : the conditional clause stands in the indicative 
in order to express Meletus' assertion as one assumed to be real : we 
express the same by adding "indeed." Transl. "for great would 
be the good fortune of youth, if indeed (as you say) only one corrupts 
them and all the rest benefit them." M. & T. 54 ; G. 227 ; H. 750. 
22 The words on ovSe'v, k. t. X. are added as an explanation of rr\v 
aavrov afieXeiav, in as far as the a/meXeia is manifested in Meletus' 
not bestowing any previous thought on the matter with which he 
* charges Socrates. Biddell justly observes that between dfie\eiav 
and MeXrjre a play upon words is doubtless intended ; similar cases 
in Plato are quoted in his Digest of Idioms, § 323. — wv = irepl 
totjtuv &v. G. 173, 2 ; H. 577, b. 24 In w 7rpos Aids M. the 
words irpos Atos are added to the name of the person addressed, 
while in reality they belong to rj/juv elire. Biddell quotes, Bep. 



APOLOGY. 



87 



332 c, rl oi€L, & wpbs Aids, ty 5' e7o>. See also 26 E below, and add 
Euthyd. 290 E, d\\' dpa, cD irpbs Atos, jxt] 6 Krijcmnros, K. r. X. 26 w 
Vdv, * i irp6<rprjfia TLfxrjTiKTJs Xe^eus- Xeyercu be kcu eV eipuveia ttoWcl- 
kis," Hesych. Va*/ stands for erdv = eraev, from erdets (er?;eis), which 
^-lf derived from er??s, "relative, friend." Irony is in English 
also often expressed by adding "friend": see, moreover, 26 D, w 
<pi\e ltt\T}T€. See, however, Curtius Grk. Etymol. (Engl. Trans. \ 
Vol. II., p. 345, "Whether the Attic form of address, & 'rdv, has 
anything to do with eTrjs is very doubtful." Before d/iroKpivcu 
Socr. makes a pause in expectation of Meletus' answer, and then 
continues when Meletus hesitates to return an answer. 

Page 15, 2 ad is here "in each single instance." See below, 
37 C. Kriiger, § 50, 8, 9, quotes from Isocrates. ireiratdevfjievovs /caXu) 
tovs 7rpeir6uT(i)s /cat BiKaiujs 6/.uXouj>ras rols del ir\7]o~id{ov(Ti.v i "I call 
those well-educated who will behave in a seeming and just manner 
to whoever may come near them." 5 6 vo\ios KeXevei : cf. Demosth. 
ph. II § 10, toIv clvtiSLkolv eirdvayKes ehcu a7roKpbaa6aL dWrjXoLS 
to epuTdb/JLevov, (xapTvpetv be /x?;. 10 ttjXikovtov ovtos, "myself be- 
ing so old," TTjXtKocrSe cb'v, "you so young." 13 Stj is again ironi- 
cal. — i\K(a : M. i: T. 10, n. 4 ; G. 200, n. 3 ; H. 698, examples. 
15 The best mss. (the Bodleian among them) read air civtoS, and 
then dirb expresses only the place from which the effect proceeds, not 
the cause of the effect, which would be expressed by uw6. Comp. 
Phaed. S3 B, kclkov <Eira.Bev dir avrQu and the constr. irdcrxew viro 
twos, above 17 A. Cobet Var. Lect. p. 342 prefers vif avrov, the 
reading of inferior mss. 17 olsxat 8c, sc. ireldeadaL, but in expres- 
sions like the present the verb is always omitted when it can be 
easily inferred from the preceding words : e.g. Sympos. 176 a, xa- 
Xe7rtDs ex^ ^' 7ro T °v X^ s ttotov — olfiai be teal vp-Cov roi)s iroWovs. 
Protag. 314 B, ov p.6vo<s IlpwTayopas avTodi tcriv, dXX<x koX 'Iinrlas 6 
'HXeros- olvxii be t:al UpobcKou rbv Ke?ou. 18 el 8ici<)>e€ipw, #kcov in 
rciance with Socr.'s assertion, ovbels eKwv d/xaprdvei, which re- 
sults from his doctrine that all virtue is knowledge (irdaaL at dperal 
€TricrT?iuai ei(7Lv\ and that, if any one acts wrongly, he does so out 
of ignorance of what is right. 20 kcli aKOucricov is, strictly speak- 
in tGjv toiovtuv, but is added in order to emphasize the 
whole idea. The constr. of eladyetv witli a gen. follows the analogy 
of the verbs of accusing: cf. 24 D, eladyeis /ecu KaTTjyopeis. It is 



38 NOTES. 

not, therefore, necessary to read rQ>p tolotjtwv eVe/ca afxaprrjixdroiv 
with Cobet, Var. Lect., p. 300. — dfiapTTjiiaTwv : cf. references on 
<3j>, p. 14,1.22. 21 I8ia, orig. "singly" or "personally," here 
"between ourselves." 22 (xd9w = 5i8ax0w, "when I have been 
taught better." M. & T. 20, n. 1. 23 Travo-ojiai : sc. ttol&v (added 
in the text by Heindorf) : the participle being readily understood 
from 7roicD. Other instances in which participles are omitted after 
TravojjLcu are quoted by Stallb. : Protag. 328 D ; Phaedr. 262 e ; 
Arist. Birds 1396. 24 In &j>vy€S .... rjOcX-qcras observe the vare- 
pov irpbrepov. 

Page 16, 1 tovtwv depends on e/xeXrjo-ep : cf. 24 c, &i> — €/ul£\7)<t€i>. 
2 ojxios 8e 8f|, "for all that" — though it would appear unneces- 
sary to examine each point of Meletus' accusation in detail, since 
the whole seems to be already refuted more summarily. 6 ravra 
belongs to didda-KOJu. 7 jiev is only a representative of firjv. 9 wv 
vvv 6 Xo"yos Iottiv = oi)s vvv \eyoiiev, not irepl &v vvv X. 11 iroT€- 
pov .... 8i8do-K€iv. The first part of this double question is devel- 
oped in several co-ordinate secondary parts, which are seemingly 
not dependent on Xeyets, and thus assume the character of a paren- 
thesis. kclI clvtos apa is a direct inference from the preceding words ; 
kcu ovk, because an affirmative is used, ovde because a negative as- 
sertion precedes, ov .uevroi. — erepovs reverts to vofitfa elvai 0., though 
as to its mere sense it belongs also to the preceding vo/mifeiv .... 
deovs, and hence we should also understand ore erepovs. The second 
principal part is made to correspond to the first irorepov Xeyecs by 
(prjs, and is then developed in twtJ co-ordinate parts with ovre — r£, 
the second of which corresponds to the first of the first part, and 
the first to that part of the sentence which extends from avrbs 
&pa to erepovs. CftON. 18 Xva. ti, sc. yiv-qrat. H. 508, b. Cf. 
Eiddell, Digest, § 20, 5. — ovSe .... oi&i is very different from 
ovre .... ovre. The latter is "neither .... nor"; the former "not 
even .... and not." The Sun and Moon were worshipped all over 
Greece under the names of Apollo and Artemis. 20 jjlol Ai', sc. ov 
vo^i^et. The words dvSpes 8iKao-Tai are justifiable when used by 
Meletus : see note on 17 A. 21 *Ava£ay6pov : Anaxagoras of Cla- 
zomenae was born 500 B.' c. His speculations mark an important 
period in the development of Grecian philosophy, since he was the 
first who maintained that Nods was the fundamental principle of the 



APOLOGY. 



89 



universe. 22 ovrco belongs not only to Karacppoveh, but also quali- 
fies oLTrelpois. 23 •ypafJL|icLTwv : G. ISO, 2, n. 1 ; H. 5S4, b, end. — 
wore ovk clSevai : again we expect (jlt) instead of ovk, but again ovk 
1 it expresses only one notion = dyvoelv: comp. ov <pdvai 25 B. 
25 Kal 8rj kch is ironical, "and then you mean to say that." — 
TavTa gives here just as good sense as Totavra or raiVa raOVa, which 
have been proposed by some editors. 27 8paxfJ.TJS is here the high- 
est price paid for a seat in the theatre (el irdw iroWov), and Harpo- 
cration, Suidas, and the Schol. on Lucian say expressly that this 
was so : the lowest price was two oboli (Bockh, Public Economy of 
Athens, transl. by G. C. Lewis, p. 223, n. 315, 2d ed.), given as a 
gratuity to poor citizens since the time of Pericles. The seats were 
sold by persons called dearpQmi or 6eaTpo7rQ\cu. The doctrines of 
Anaxagoras may, as Socr. says, often be heard on the stage : a fact 
easily deduced from the influence exercised by Anaxagoras on the 
tragic poets, especially Euripides (Valcken. Diatr., p. 29 ff.), and 
from the derision with which these doctrines were treated by the 
comic writers. Euripides called the sun xP va ^ ap /3toW in the lost 
tragedy Qaedwv. See also Orest. 9S3. 28 &W«s t€ Kat: Socr.'s 
pupils would laugh at him not only for appropriating to himself 
the views of Anaxagoras, but also for accepting them as true, con- 
sidering how very absurd they are and contrary to common sense. 
In Xen. Mem. 4, 7, 7, Socr. shows the utter absence of tenability 
of these views of Anaxagoras. 

Page 17, 7 v€ott]ti. "rashness of youth." 8 £vvti0€vti Siairei- 
pa)|i€vcp without Kal (which is omitted in the best mss., but given 
by those of inferior order), the first participle being subordinate to 
the second. In direct speech it would be atviy^a ^wTid-qcri SLcnrei- 
pu)p.evos. See a similar constr. Rep. 555 E, top del mrelKovra evUvres 
apyvpiou TiTp&GKovres. 9 6 o-o<J>bs 8^, sapiens scilicet illc. — yvu>- 
o-€tcu e^ov x.. is a constr. like 22 c, rjad^urjv clvtuv oioixivuv. 10 tovs 
dXXovs, see B, rots aWois. 14 ttcuJovtos: G. 169, 1 ; H. 572, c. 
17 TrapT)TT]o-dfJLT]v : see above n. on p. 2, 6. 20 dv0. 8e ov vo|Ai£€i : 
in constr. of this kind the verb is generally repeated : see Crito 54 A, 
irbrepov eav els QerraXiap d7ro87]p.r)<7r)s, eTTLfj.eXrjaoirraL, eav 8e ets'Aidov 
aTTodTjurjcys, ofyl e-iij.e\v l GovTa.i. 22 0opv(3€iTo>, merely by making 
irrelevant 'remarks instead of answering, — brawling, as we might 
Reddell. 



go 



NOTES. 



Page 18, 2 tois &XXots means the audience (aKpoarat) and more 
especially the judges. 4 ovk &rriv is Meletus' reluctant answer. 
This appears also from the ironical words that follow. — a>s a>yn<rds 
ut (me) iuvisti. Stallb. quotes Arist. Lys. 1033, vrj At' Coprjads 
y4 ixe, and Luc. Hermot. § 59, ws 6\i<r0rjpbs et, £ 'EpjULorifxe, /cat St- 
5pa<TK€is etc tQu %et/)toj>. TrXrjv dXX' Covrjads ye. Diall. Deor. 26 1 
tiv-qcras 8ida£as tcl yi>upi<rp,aTa. 5 (1.0713, "at last," after a good 
deal of trouble, fxdycs is here given by the mss., while fx6\ts is only 

in a few inferior ones. Thucydides and Xenophon prefer yu6Ats. 

viro Tovrtovl av<ryKaj;6p,€vos may mean by direct interference and 
command of the judges, or merely compelled by the indignation 
manifested by the audience at Meletus' sullen silence. 9 dvTiypa- 
<j)Tj, here = d^rw^ocrta, 19 B (as it seems, the only example of this 
meaning of the word). 12 rovs Salfiovas, k. t. X. The usage of 
the language from Homer down to Plato well agrees with this ex- 
planation. In Homer the words .Beds and dalfiwv are indiscrimi- 
nately used both of the divine being and of individual gods, al- 
though their original meanings must have differed, as appears from 
the use of the adjectives. Hesiod (Opp. 108-25) uses dai/moves of 
the patron spirits of men, such as men of the golden age were con- 
sidered to become after their death, and in general distinguishes 
between Oeot, daifioves and ijpwes, a distinction attributed also to 
Thales. Hence the idea propounded by Plato, Symp. 202 E, irdv 
to Scujaovlov fieraty ecri 6eov re /cat durjrov .... ep\XT\vevov /cat 5ta- 
iropdfxevov Oedls rd Tap' dvOpdnrwv Kal dudpibiroLS rd irapd OeCjv, rtov pJev 
rets de7)<j€LS /cat dvcrias, tGjv 5e rds eirird^eis re /cat dpLotfids rcou Bvvi&v. 
The designation OeQu -rraldes is not found anywhere else, as these are 
generally classed with the gods or heroes. Cron. — fjroi — § is 
often found in the best writers : Stallb. quotes Phaed. 76 A ; Gorg. 
460 A., 467 e ; Protag. 331 B. So also Soph. Antig. 1182. 14 cl 

dtriv &v eft] : M. & T. 54 ; G. 227 ; H. 750. 16 <J>d- 

vai : in appos. with rovr in the previous line. — lfJi€, subject of 
rjyeiadai. 19 dXXwv wv = eif Gjw ; but whenever a demonstrative 
sentence precedes a relative sentence, a preposition common to both 
is generally not repeated with the relative, if the relative sentence 
is used attributively. 22 6vwv [toijs Tjfudvovs]: Stallb. says, 
mulos cur memoret, in aprico est; but I confess that I cannot 
see why they should be mentioned, and it seems to me, moreover, 



APOLOGY. 



9* 



that the whole passage becomes clearer and the whole argument 
more consistent, if the words tovs tj/uuovovs are omitted. I have, 
therefore, followed Baumlein's and Hermann's view in bracketing 
them. They were, no doubt, added by a reader who thought that 
the existence of mules was the most cogent argument to prove that 
there were both horses and asses at the same time. 24 Hermann 
considers the words tt|v -ypacj^v ravn\v to be spurious : but there 
is no reason for so doing, since tclQtcl does not belong to iypa^v, 
but to aTroireipufAevos, " trying to get at me with those charges"; a 
constr. for which Stallb. quotes Xen. Oec. 19, 13, diroireLpa julov /cat 
tovto. 25 67Ka\ois : the optat, by M. & T. 71 ; G. 244. 

Page 19, 1 ov is a manifest interpolation, and should be disregarded 
in translation, as Socr. here repeats Meletus' assertion in all its 
glaring inconsistency. 9 6 !ji£ atprjo-ci, " this is sure to cause my 
condemnation." The simile which underlies the expression is read- 
ily understood on comparing the analogous phrases used in legal 
language : 5iLOKeii>, (pevyeiv and aXLo-Keadcu (38 D ; 39, A, b). Stallb. 
appropriately cites the word KaOacpQ, frequently meaning "to con- 
demn": e.g. Lys. adv. Agor. § 37, speaks of ij KaOatpovo-a \f/7]<pos. 
11 ttoWovs .... dvSpas, in English "also many other good men": 
the first /cat being "also," or ctiam (it might also be /cat aWovs 
-iroWovs), while the second /cat is added according to a well-known 
usage, e.g. woWoi /cat ao<poi avdpes, "many wise men." Hirschig 
writes iroWovs /cat kclXovs /cat dyaOovs av8., but there is not the 
slightest reason for an arbitrary change of this kind. 12 oljxai Se : 
G. 227, 2 ; H. 862, b. — ov8h> 8* Seivdv, k. t. X., "there is no fear lest 
this should be confined to me alone": cf. Soph. Aj. 950, ovk av r&8' 
tart] TTjde, nq deQv fiera. 13 €iTa in questions often denotes won- 
der or indignation : Crito 43 B. 16 6ti : M. & T. 79 ; G. 241, end. 
17 vrroXo-yiJeo-Gai (lit. "to reckon per contra," i.e. "give any 
countervailing weight to ") is used in the same sense, Crito 48 D, 
where also we have the same sentiment as here. Lach. 189 b, Plato 
has vwoXoyou iroidaBtxi, and Prot. 349 C, viroXoyov rideadaL in the 
same sense. 18 #tov .... coriv, "who is good for something": so 
Legg. 9, 856 c, was yap duqp, ov /cat cr[XLKpbv o(pe\os. See Crito 46 A. 
— dXX' ovk = d\\' ovk otet beiv. 19 Trp&TTT) ti : the pronoun tl 
is added on the authority of only one ms. ; but even if there were 
no ins. authority for it we should be obliged to add it, as irpdrTetv 



g 2 NOTES. 

cannot be used absolutely in the sense of "to be doing." On ac- 
count of the identical sound of the last syllable of Tpdrrrj (pratti), 
the pronoun was omitted by the scribes. 21 twv TJfuGecov = tQv 
ripwuv. Hesiod Opp. 158, avdpuv 7]pwu)v delov yevos ot KaXtovrcu, 
'H/«0eoi. 23 irapa .... {nrofxeivai, "rather than he would submit 
to anything disgraceful." 25 debs o3<ra: and being a goddess she 
was sure to know the truth, ovtwcti ttcos is added because the 
words are not quoted literally, but only in their general sense. See 
Horn. II. 2, 70 ff. 26 IlaTpoKXtt : G. 184, n. 4. 

Page 20, 3 6 8e leaves the constr. begun above with (bare. This 
irregularity is due to the interposition of the quotation from Homer. 
6 T€0vcunv : G. 251 ; H. 721, 1. 8 jJt^j clvtov olfei, a question like 
25 A. G. 282, 2 ; H. 829. 10 In § Tj7T](rd|j.€vos .... raxOfj we 
have again a slight irregularity of construction, such as we have 
already noticed many times in our author. The regular constr. 
would be tj utt apxovTos KeXevadets. Stallb. quotes an instance pre- 
cisely analogous to the one in the text : Demosth. de llhod. lib. 
§23. 13 irpb tov alo-xpov, " in preference to disgrace." Phaed. 
99 A, el fXT] dtKCLLOTepov ^^7]v kclI koKKlov elvai irpb rod <peijyeiv. See 
also Crito 54 b. 14 dv €it]V €ip7a<r[jLevos : The same apod., in either 
the Indie, or Opt., may take one protasis in the Indie, referring to 
present or past time (here el ... . e^evov) and another in the Optat. (el 
.... XiiroL/ju, 1. 22,) referring to a supposed future case. M. & T. 54, 3. 
Eem. Here el in 1. 15 serves for both protases. 16 vjieis €l'\€<r0€ : 
the assembly of the judges is here addressed as representing the 
whole people. — ftpxciv : G. 265 ; H. 765. — Iv n<m8aia — At]\iw: 
Potidaea, a Corinthian colony in Chalcidice, rebelled against the 
supremacy of the Athenians in 432, and after the Potidaeans with 
their allies from the Peloponnesus had been beaten by the Athe- 
nians under Callias (who lost his life in the battle), the town was 
besieged by sea and land. After a two years' siege the town was 
surrendered. In the battle of Potidaea Socr. saved the life of Alci- 
biades. The battle of Amphipolis (an Athenian colony on the 
Strymon in Thracia) took place in 422. Cleon perished in the 
flight, and Brasidas paid for his victory with his life. Delium was 
a sanctuary of Apollo, near Oropus in Boeotia. The battle in which 
the Athenians were defeated by the Boeotians, and their general 
Hippocrates was killed, falls into the year 424. In this battle also 



APOLOGY. 93 

Socr. distinguished himself by his bravery, and especially in the 
retreat, when it is related that he saved Xenophon's life. 21 8e : a 
mere repetition of 8e in line 19. 22 On hearing the words Xi-thujai 
ri\v Td|tv, an Athenian would immediately be reminded of the At7ro- 
ra^lov (or Xenror. ypacpr}), which was punished with the loss of the 
rights of citizenship (aTifua). See Astratcias Graphe in the Diet, 
of Antiq. 

Page 21, 1 & ovk otSev : sc. rts, but the third person sing, is often 
used in a general sense without the pronoun. So again below b 
and 39 D. 2 ouS' ci, "not even if." Far from being the greatest 
evil of all, we know not even if death be not the greatest boon of all. 
3 a>s €$ €186t€S, "as if they knew well." 4 tovto is the nom., 
' * and is not this ignorance ? " — clvtt) t) €ttov€i8io-tos, the same as 
was censured so sharply above 21 D. 7 d 8tj, "if indeed." 8 tovtw 
dv, sc. (pairjp elvai or el-rjv. 11 irpo twv kcikwv : see on 28 E, irpb rod 
alaxpov. 13 €i ... . d<|>L€T€ (imperfect) : this protasis naturally 
expects clv with the imperfect in the apod., but owing to the inter- 
vening clauses and the repetition of the protasis in another form (el 
.... etiroire, 1. 19, and el ... . acpioire, 1. 23) it finally appears as 
€l'iroL(x' &v. 14 ttjv apXT|V, lit. "from the very beginning," i. e. 
"altogether," but so only in a negative sentence. G. 160, 2; 
H. 552. 16 diroKTetvai, "to sentence to death": in Xen. Mem. 4, 
8, 5, airoKTeiveiv is opposed to awoXvetv. 17 8ia<j>€v£oi[i/qv : M. & T. 
26 ; G. 202, 4. — &v . . . . emrqSevovTcs .... 8ia<|>0apT|<rovT<u : the par- 
ticle (c^) belongs to the participle (ewLTTjSeijouTes) = rfdrj &v vfxQv ol 
vleis e7r iTrjdevoLev a 2. 8. /cat iravres iravTairoicn diacpdaprj&ovTcu. So 
Cnox., but Goodwin (M. & T. 37, 2, n. 1 ; Gram. 208, 2, end) con- 
nects av with 8i.a<pdap'qo-oi>Tai and Eiddell says, "&> here belongs to 
8t.a<p6aprjcrovTai, and to refer it to cTriTrfevovres is a shift which will 
not apply to other passages, and dislocates this." 21 Icf)' wt« with 
a foil. inf. "upon the condition that." M. & T. 99; G. 267; 
H. 813, Examples. — €v . . . . ^qnfjcrci, " in this search," viz., for one 
wiser than yourself: Hirschig writes h ravrrj rrj e^erdaeL (see 28 E, 
23 b, 38 a), and it is possible that Plato actually wrote so, though 
it is impossible to prove that he did not write what our mss. 
give. 24 8ti performs here the same office as inverted commas 
in modern languages. — a<nrd£o|iai ical <jnXa>, lit. "I embrace and 
kiss you," i.e. "I have the greatest respect and love for you." 



94 NOTES. 

Stallb. quotes other instances: Lysis 217 B; Legg. 3, 689 A. 
25 7T€t<rop,ai .... tw 0€u>: see Acta Apost. 5, 29, ireidapxeiv £« Oef 
H&Wov t) av0pd)7rois. 26 ov p1\ iravcrwjjtai, M. & T. 89, 1 ; G. 257 ; 
H. 845. 

Page 22, 3 la-\vs is here strength of mind, as appears from the 
antithesis of the striving after riches, praise, and glory. Cron. cites 
Xen. Anab. 7, 3, 19 for ttjs pcyCcrrTis, etc.- 4 &rr<u : M. & T. 45 ; 
G. 217. 12 v£coT€pw — iroi^crcn): the dative with iromv expresses 
for whom something is done, the ace. denotes at whom it is done. 
Cf. Xen. Anab. 3, 2, 24, /cat r)fjui> (for us) y av old' 6tl rpls do-fxevos 
ravT eiroiei, el eupa. 17 tw 0€<3 : see n. on 18 B, t& pLerecopa <f>pov- 
tkttt)s (and G. 185; H. 595, d.), and comp. below D, rrjv tov deov 
bbciv vpuv. Euthyphr. 14 D, we have precisely the same expression, 
vwTjpeaia roh deois. 20 irpdrcpov, sc. t) rrjs \pvxr}$, as is readily 
supplied from ws rr)s \pvxvs. — H-TjSe connects oVtu) o-<p65pa with irpo- 
repov; if it were A^re, it would add a third sentence to the two 
preceding, ii-ryre .... -ivfyre. 21 Xe^cov Sti, k. t. X. : Examples of 
speeches of Socr. to this effect are found in Xenophon ; see also the 
beautiful conversation in the Euthydemus, Chs. VIII. -X., which 
will show in what sense Socr. says e£ dperrjs T&Mct dyadd tols dvBp&- 
iroLS yiyverai : the value of our so-called goods consisting not in the 
possession, but in the proper use of them. The sentiment here 
blamed by Socr. occurs, however, as early as in the sentences of 
Theognis 629, wXrjdeL 6' dvdp&iruv apery} fiia ylyverai ijde, UXovtcTp- 
twp 5' dXXcop ovdep dp t)v BcpeXos, k.t.X., and in the expression quoted 
by Pindarus Isthm. 2, 11, x/°^ctra, xP 7 )f JLa7 ' 1 tofy. At Athens this 
view gained ground rapidly in the time of the Peloponnesian War, 
when there was a general decay of morals : Thuc. 2, 53. Ckon. 
24 For el Sia<f>0€(pa> comp. p. 14, 1. 18, el — ib<f>e\ov<ru>. 26 irpos 
Taflra, " having due regard to this" = "therefore." 

Page 23, 1 cos ... . ttoi^o-ovtos, " as you may be sure that I shall 
never do," etc. For the part. fut. with dv see Crito 53 c, dv (paueTadai. 
M. & T. 41, 4 ; G. 208, 2 and 211, note ; H. 710, b, 803. 2 iroX- 
XdKts T€0vdvat recurs below 41 A. Dem. Phil. 3, 65, redvdvai bk 
fxvpiaKts KpeiTTOV rj /coAa/ceta tl TroiTjGcu QiXiinrov. 5 p.^ 0opvj3€iv is 
added as an explanation of oh edeTfjdrjp vjul&p. — ols (both) = eiceipois 
a. 13 dpieivovi dvSpi : the dat. stands after depurbv elvai in the 
same manner as after ^ecrri [xoi : cf. Phaedo 67 B, /jltj Kadapf yap 



APOLOGY. 



95 



KaOapov €(pdwT€(T0at fir] ov SffiLTov 77. 14 a.Ti}iwo"€i€V is the reading 
given by Stob. Serai. 5, 126 : the mss. of Plato having druxdo-eizv. 
Cf. Rep. 8, 553 B, els §iKa<TT7)piov e/nrecrovTa virb <TVKo<pai>TU)i> 7) diroOa- 
vbvra ?) CKireabvra rj aTLfiudevTa kol ttjv ovalav diropa\6i>Ta, where kcli 
between aTtpLudepra and dirop. indicates that loss of the rights of a 
citizen and confiscation of fortune were generally combined. 17 4m- 
Xcipciv diroKT. is epexegesis of & odros vvvl iroiet 22 The words « 
Kal yekoiorepov clireiv, "though it may sound somewhat ridicu- 
lous," qualify the expression irpo<TKeLixevov virb rod deov = ir poured e^e 1 - 
vov virb t. 6.\ see n. on 17 A, Treirovdare, and directly afterwards we 
actually have the act. irpocrT€0€iK€V(u. irpoaTidrnu often has the 
meaning "to place near in order to urge on." 25 virb jivcoiros ti- 
vos admits of a twofold explanation, (1) by a spur, (2) by a gadfly ; 
Stallb. is in favor of the latter, because irpoaKeiadaL is nowhere used 
of a rider spurring his horse ; but this is by no means cogent, as 
the simile is not fully worked out and the single expression should 
not, therefore, be weighed too nicely. Stallb. talks, moreover, of 
the imaginis elegantia ; but to my taste, comparing one's self to a 
gadfly does not seem very elegant. But Socr. means to liken him- 
self neither to a spur nor to a gadfly ; but as a lazy horse requires a 
spur to quicken its pace, so the city requires Socr. to rouse it out 
of its lethargy and slothfulness. 

Page 24, 3 irpoo-KaGi^cov at the end of the sentence reverts to 
irpo(TK€i/j.€i>up at the beginning. 6 01 w<TTa£ovT€$ evcipdjJievoi, velut 
dormitantes cum excitantur (F. A. Wolf). 7 clra often stands 
where we should rather expect kS. tcl : e. g. Xen. Mem. 2, 2, 14, rovs 
dvOpuirovs <pv\d%7), fir} o~e alcdo/JLevoi tQv youiuv d/xeXovvra irdvres dri- 
pLdcrucrii>, elra h eprjfjLio: (piXcou dvcKpavrjs. — SeSocrGcu : M. & T. 93 and 
n. 1 ; G. 261, and note. 11 ov . . . . foiicc is justly translated by 
Stallb. superare enim vidctiir naiuram humanam, as dvdpwirivos gen- 
erally denotes humanly weak. 13 &V€'x€<t0ch, ' ' to hold one's self 
above," "to disregard," is frequently constr. with a gen. of a par- 
ticiple : Kriiger 56, 6, 2, quotes from Eur., wQs irarr^p Tewov Oavov- 
tos padlus dve&TaL ; 18 €t\ov is the reading of the better class of 
mss. ; see 34 B, rdx b\v \6you exoiev ; inferior mss. give elx^v (sc. 
auro), which may be supported by many analogous passages, and 
would be equally correct, though this alone is no reason for putting 
it into the text against the authority of the best mss. 20 onra- 



9 6 



NOTES. 



vai<rxwTfj<rai, "do witli all one's impudence." The particip. ira- 
pa<rxojA,€VOi is an epexegesis of tovto : cf. Crito 53 c, dpcusx^r^cras 
dtaXeyojJLepos. 23 tov |idpTUpa 7rap€XO|iai = irapexofJiai fxdprvpa kcll 
6 fidprvs 8u Trap^xoyucu Ikclvos €o~tl. This will explain why we have 
an article with fidprvpa. 25 iroXwpa'yfi.ovw, * ' give myself a great 
deal of trouble." In other passages Plato uses this word of the dis- 
tracting stir and commotion in the busy life of most men, in oppo- 
sition to philosophical meditation and studies, e. g. Gorg. 526 c, 
avdpbs (piXocrocpov tcl clvtov irpd^avros kclI ov TroXvirpayjJLOvrjo'avTos tv 
t$ ply. Here we perceive a certain irony in the use of the word, 
inasmuch as Socrates' iroXvirpayfJLoo'jjvrj sprang from the endeavor 
to accomplish the mission entrusted to him by God, i. e. tcl clvtov 
TrpdrreLv. See also 33 A. Cron. 26 dvafBaCvwv €i$ to itXtjOos : cf. 
17 B, eirl diKao~Ti)pLov. The pnyx, where the assemblies of the peo- 
ple took place, had a high situation ; it is not, therefore, necessary 
to supply eirl to pijfjLa. 

Page 25, 2 eiriK<op.a>Sa>v, "treating it in the manner of comic 
writers," in so far as Meletus put his own construction on Socrates' 
dcujuLoi'ioj'y in speaking of kcllvcl dai/JLovta, without taking the trouble 
to ascertain what Socrates really meant by his dai/uLoviov. Upon this 
subject see Eiddell's Apology, Appendix A. 5 The reading of 
the best mss. is tovto, not toijtov, which the old editions have : 
tovto is, of course, dependent on irpoVrmv. For /xtWw we should 
then supply the fut. infinit. irpd^eiv. 8 irdXai .... irdXcu : the 
iteration of the word gives greater emphasis to the whole passage. 
An Athenian citizen took part in all public transactions after at- 
taining the twentieth year of his age. 9 The pluperf. diroXwXT] 
and dx^eXTjKTi (pure Attic instead of diroXibXeiv and dxpeXrjtceLv) are 
here given by the best mss. (Bodl. m. pr. Yen. b.). Plato uses the 
form in tj in preference to that in eiv. G. p. 92 (fifth paragraph 
from the bottom) and § 101, n. 2 ; H. 351, Kern, a, end, and 311. 
12 <n-XTj0€i = drjfjLOKpaTia. 15 Kal el, "even if," el /cat, "although." 
20 ov& &v €Vi is more emphatic than ovdevl b\v : cf. Gorg. 512 E, 
Ti]v eipLappLevqv ovd' b\v eh eKcptiyoi. 21 i>ir€iKd9oi|u. : verba in ddeiv, 
tdeiv, et vdeiv exeuntia denotant actionis quandam intentionem vel in 
diuturnitate vel in jperpetuitate vel in virium contentione aliqua con- 
spicuam. Stallb. 22 jji-fj frrcCicuv (= et p,r) virelKOLfiC) : G. 283, 4 ; 
H. 839.— ap.a Kal ajj.a av : the first tip.a belongs to imeUav, the 



APOLOGY. 



97 



second to diroX.OLfiTjv, and dfxa — a/ia as correlatives occur also in 
other passages and phrases, e. g. in the expression dpi tiros dpi epyov 
(diet it m factum), and Xen. Cyr. 3, 1, 15, opa firj d t ua re eft iroirjcrrjs 
kcll a,ua ov <piXov voixlfiwGiv. Coinp. Gorg. 496 C, dpxx. re d7raXXdrre- 
tlxl dvdpcoiros kclI dp.a <?x €L ' 497 B, dpux 8l\j/Qi> re /cat dfxa i]8opLei>os. 
23 <))opTLKa kclI SiKaviKa is an expression sufficiently protected by 
the parallel passage, Gorg. 482 E, where we have (popriKa kcll Svp^v 
yopLKci, which is then explained & (pucreL p.h ovk Zcttl /caXd, po/xcp 8e. 
(popTLKd is then "vulgar " or " common," and 8lkclvlk& means words 
commonly heard and used in courts of justice. Hermann adds ov 
before ducavued, sa}'ing quis credat, Socratcm qu\ statim a principio 
se £eVa;s ^lv tt)s evddde X^ecos professus est, nunc judicialia verba 
promitterc ? but Riddell justly observes that the speech in point 
of fact betrays abundant knowledge of technicalities, cf. 34 A, el 8e 
Tore, k. r. X. 25 IpovXeucra, " I was in the council " of the 500 : 
members of the 500 were chosen by lot, and it was their principal 
business to prepare the resolutions to be laid before the assembly of 
the people ; these were called -irpopovXevpLara. " The ten phylae, 
of which this senate consisted, performed one after the other (the 
order being annually settled by lot) the functions of the Tpyraveia, 
so that each was charged with this for at least 35 (and in leap-years 
38) days in the year. Out of these 50, one was chosen by lot eirt- 
crdTTjs for each day ; he took care of the keys of the treasure of the 
state, the archives and the great seal, and also presided in the coun- 
cil and the assembly of the people." Hermann, Antiquities, § 127. 
"It was the duty of the prytane, and especially of the eV tcrrdr ip, 
to introduce bills for the consideration and decision of the people 
(iirixeipoToviav 8i8ovcll or tiriypriQlfriv), or to refuse doing so. Soc- 
rates belonged to the Stj/llos 'AXcoweKri of the <pvXrj 'AvtloxLs, which 
was in the last place of the official order. 'Avtioxis is bracketed, 
being merely a gloss added for the sake of explanation, but not 
quite in accordance with correct usage. The general difference be- 
tween ?7p£a and ^ipxov, ifiovXevo-a (senator f actus sum) and epovXevov 
(senator eram) does not hold good for this passage." Cron. The 
correct usage would be 17 (pvXq ij 'AvtloxLs, and it is not impossible 
that Plato wrote so. 

Page 26, 1 *>t€ vjicts, k. t. X. : "After the victory of the Argi- 
nusae (01. 93, 3 = 406 B.C.) the generals were accused of neglect- 



9 8 



NOTES. 



ing their duty by omitting to collect the bodies of the dead and 
save the shipwrecked. In their defence they maintained that the 
part of the fleet which had been left behind for this purpose, while 
they themselves went in pursuit of the enemy, had been prevented 
by a storm from carrying out the task assigned to them. How far 
they were guilty or not it is difficult to settle, though there seem to 
be many arguments to prove them to be innocent ; but thus much 
is certain, that the proceeding against them was illegal for two 
reasons : 1, because the people decided the cause, and not the proper 
magistrates under whose cognizance it ought to have come; and 
2, that the generals were all sentenced together (ddpoovs KpLvew = 
fMa *pr)<pip airavTas) instead of pronouncing judgment over them one 
by one (&x a eKaarov), as would have been the course of the law, in 
consequence of which proceeding no time was left to the accused for 
preparing their defence. Soon afterwards the people rued their in- 
justice, and called the instigators of the whole proceeding to a 
severe account. See Xen. Hellen. 1, 6, 33 ff, and the whole sev- 
enth chapter." Cron. — rovs SeKa crrp. is not a correct statement: 
if we credit Xenophon, only eight were really involved in the accu- 
sation, and only six of these were actually executed, the two others 
not having returned to Athens. 2 dvaip€io-0at is a frequent ex- 
pression for gathering up the dead bodies : here it is also used for 
picking up the shipwrecked (see Xen. 1, 7, 11). — toi>s €k ttjs vevu- 
jjiaxi'as is explained as = roi>s ev rfj j/avfiaxig» But constructions 
of this kind are only possible if the idea of the verb involves the 
notion of removal (as in rovs e/c t&p irfrkewv \a(3d)i> t Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 
3), or being left after some event, as here. Cf. also Lach. 184 A, 
fy 5e yA.ws kclI Kpbros virb rQv iic ttjs 6\k&5os, when the laughter pro- 
ceeds from the galley. 3 cos — ^Soge : comp. Xen. Hellen. 1, 7, 12, 
kclI ov 7roXXy XP&y tivrepov fiertfieXe reus 'AdrjpaioLS. 5 fjvavTico0T]V, 
sc. v/juv, which is added in many editions, though it has not the 
sanction of the best mss. The words Kai Ivavrtct €\|/i]cJ)t<rdp.T]V 
stand, it is true, in all mss., but seem nevertheless a mere gloss, 
since rb ^(pi^eadai is not part of the duties of the eTrLa-rdrrjs (and 
such Socrates was on that very day, see Xen. Mem. 1, 1, 18), but 
only r6 eTri^^l^ew : see note on epo6\€v<ra above. — fi/qBe'v : G. 283, 
6 ; H. 838. 6 evSeiKvvvcu ical d/ira/Yav : the proceedings of the 
fy5ei£is and aTraycoyifj were of a summary nature, inasmuch as the 



APOLOGY. gg 

defendant was then at once seized by the frdeica (unless he could 
give good securities) and the process against him instituted. &/5ei- 
£is was mostly used against those who arrogated to themselves po- 
litical rights not belonging to them ; a-rraywyr) (actual leading to 
prison) against those who were caught in the deed itself. 7 twv 
p7]Top«v : see note on p. 12, 1. 8. — vjjlwv .... pocovTwv: again the 
judges are treated as the representatives of the whole people. Cf. 
Xen. Hell. 1, 7, 12, to 8e -n-XijOos e/Soa 5a*/6j/ elvai el /jltj tls idaeL rbv 
Si^ulov irpoLTreLv 6 av j3ou\Tp-cu. 9 p.€9* vjxcov Y6V€<r0ai, a vobis stare. 
13 iTCfi/irTov avrov, " myself and four others." — els ri\v OdXov: ij 
66\os was the name of a round building near the ^ovXevr-npcou, 
which served as a dining-hall for the prytanes. 14 AcW 6 2aXa- 
p,Lvtos, a rich Athenian citizen, had fled to Salamis to avoid the 
cruelty of the Thirty, but fell into their hands and was killed : see 
Xen. Hell. 2, 3, 39. 15 tv cnroBdvoi. should, of course, be trans- 
lated as if it were tv dTroKTaOeirj, which would not be good Greek. 
16 dvairX-qcrat, lit. "to fill"; but avairiiLwXdvaL often has the sec- 
ondary meaning "to sully, to pollute." Cron renders it contami- 
nave; Kiddell, "to implicate." The construction of alrtwv is that 
of G. 172 ; H. 575. 18 The expression IjjloI Gava/rov piXci ovS' 
otlovv is very strong, especially in court, where a defendant would 
be rather expected to implore the judges to spare his life : hence the 
words cl |i^ . • • . clireiv, " were it not too rude " to be so outspoken. 
Stallb. appropriately says, loquitur Socr. perinde ox si rem non 
evuntiaret, quam tamen enuntiat; similiter Euthyd. p. 283 e. 
20 to irav is used adverbially = omniuo. 21 Ikci'vt] tj dpxrj = 
CKelvoL oi apxovres, viz. ol rpidKOvra. 25 8id ra\ioiv y as the Thirty 
remained in power for only eight months. — dv . . . . dircGavov, €i 
.... KcrreX^ : M. & T. 49, 2 ; G. 222. 26 vp.iv is the reading 
of the mss., which I have kept, as it cannot be denied that it gives 
good sense ; but, on the other hand, Hermann's conjecture tytwp 
seems plausible enough, when we consider that in other passages 
also Socrates appeals to the direct testimony of the judges them- 
selves: see 17 c ; 19 D. 

Page 27, 2 girparrov and lirotovjJL-qv denote continuity. 7 <|>a- 
vovfiai : viz. when my life is examined. — toiovtos is explained by 
the foil. part, ifiryx^o-as. 12 Ta k^avrov : his business is many 
times stated to be the exposure of those who seemed to be wise, but 



IO o NOTES. 

were not, and the persuasion of all to regard virtue. 14 \l1\ Xap,- 
pdvcuv 8' ov = el be [xtj \apt,(3dvio, ou diaXeyopLai. 16 lav tis = waprl 
o<ttis ay. 17 tovtwv belongs, of course, to tls : Socrates means 
above all Alcibiades and Critias, whose misconduct was often laid 
to the charge of their master: see Xen. Mem. 1, 2, 12 ff, 16, 39. 
18 cuticiv {nr€\co, "I bear the blame." 19 virecrxofrrjv |xtj8€V, 
showing the difference between the teaching of Socrates and that of 
the Sophists. 21 I8ia, "singly," as appears from the antithesis ol 
aWot iravres. 25 The sentence beginning with on is an epexe- 
gesis of irdcrav ri\v dXTJOeiav. The dative €|eTaJop.€vois is governed 
by x<xipovaiv. 27 ovk dijSes, a litotes for rfiiGTov ; so again 41 B. 
28 cos I7W <j>T]p.i, "as I maintain." 

Page 28, 4 evikeyxra, "easy to prove," from eXeyxew in the 
sense of investigating and examining ; the common meaning, how- 
ever, of eveXeyKTos is " easy to refute." — el Y<xp 8tj, " for if indeed " 
(as my accusers say that I do). 6 Stjttov, "of course, naturally ": 
if the charge brought against me by my accusers were true, it 
would naturally follow that, etc. ; but as this consequence does not 
take place, the charge itself must be without foundation. 8 dvaPat- 
vovras : see on p. 2, 1. 11. 9 cl 8e corresponds here to a preceding 
€iT€, just as in other passages ovde to ovre : see below 40 d, efre 
juL7)5e/JLia ataO-qais eariv . . . . 40 E, el 5' ad olov dirodTj/uLrjaai. 11 vir 
ipov : see on p. 1, 1. 3. 12 ji€fJLvfjcr0ai, here in the sense of fipyja-LKa- 
Keiv, which may have caused the gloss Kal TifjL0jpe?o~6ai (see also above 
Kareyopelv Kal TLjuLwp.): in this instance we have the evidence of no 
less than 17 mss., in which the words in question are omitted. 
irdp€L<riv IvtcivGoi, "have come hither," their presence being the 
result of previous motion ; so Xen. Anab. 1, 2, 2, iraprfaav els 'Lap- 
8eis ; cf. also Arist. Clouds, 814, evravdol fxeveU. From expressions 
like these arose the doctrine of the ancient grammarians, that ev- 
ravdol and evravBa might be used indiscriminately (Hesych. evravBoi. 
evTavQa). See below 36 c, evravOa ovk ya. 14 KpiTwv is the same 
person whose name is prefixed to the dialogue which we have edited 
after the Apology. — 8t]p.6tt]s from 'AkuireK-q, above 32 B. — Kpi- 
toj3o-u\os is more than once mentioned by Xenophon in the Memo- 
rabilia. 15 Awavtas 6 2c|>t}ttios from the drjuos Lottos in the 
(pvXrj 'AKa/xavTLS. Aeschines was the author of several dialogues in 
the manner of Socrates, celebrated for their sprightly composition. 



APOLOGY. 



IOI 



16 'Avti<|x3v 6 Kr]<j)tcrL€vs (from the 8?]uos K-qcpLGia in the <pv\r) 
'Epex&rjLs) not to be mistaken for the famous orator and statesman, 
who was a Rhamnusian. Epigenes is also known from Xen.'s 
Mem., in which Socrates recommends to him gymnastics as good 
for both body and soul. 17 tolvuv, iam vcro : potuit hie tanto rec- 
ti us poni quod Socrates, posteaquam patres non nullorum discipulo- 
rum suorum norainavit, deinceps etiam fratres ct cognatos quosdam 
rccenset, ut ijise antea indicavit. Stallb. 19 0€o£otl8ov seems the 
genuine form of the name, not QeocrdorLdov, which Stallb. has ; others 
again prefer Qeofaridov (with the Bodl.). Nicostratus and Theodo- 
tus are not mentioned in any other passage in Plato or other writers. 
20 KaTa8€T]0€iTi, " cannot entreat him to desist from witnessing 
against me"; the prep, /card here expresses "against one's convic- 
tion," comp. Karaxcipi^o-daL below 35 c. 21 Paralus is not men- 
tioned anywhere else. Of Theages we hear in the Republic that his 
ill-health prevented him from taking part in political life after the 
example of his father. Aeantodorus occurs nowhere else. Apol- 
lodorus (called 6 /xuvlkos from his vehement attachment to Socr.) is 
repeatedly mentioned in Plato and Xenophon. 

Page 29, 1 exp^v : M. & T. 49, 2, n. 3 ; G. 222, n. 2 ; H. 703. 
3 i-yob uapa^wpw, " Pallow it," by offering Meletus part of his own 
(Socrates') time for making his defence. For this a common phrase 
is 7rapa8l8wfju to vdup : cf. Aesch. contra Ctes. § 165, irapaxupw vol 
rod ftrj/jLCLTos, ecos av ei7rr)s. The time for speaking was measured by 
a clepsydra. 5 *ra> Sia<j>0€tpovTi is added with much irony : so 
Euthyphr. 3 A, 'MeXrjTos tacos irpdrov fxev r//xas €KKa6aip€L rovs rCou 
veup ras fi\a<TTas 8<.a<pd€ipovTa$, us <pr)<n. 8 \6yov ^X 01€V j " would 
have reason," i.e. would seem justified. 10 a\V ^ is often used 
after negative expressions and especially after aWos : e. g. Phaed. 
81 B, (bare fJLTjdev aWo 8oKeiv ehcu dXrjdes d\\* ?) to (Tup.aT0€i8£s. 
11 Jwio-acri MeXrjTo) — o\t]0€vovti : they know as well as Meletus 
himself that he lies, and as well as myself that I speak the truth, 
i. e. they are fully aware that M. lies, and that I speak the truth. 
On the use of the participles see G. 280 ; H. 799. 13 & — a,7roXo- 
■ycuroai, "what I have to say in my defence." 15 dvap.vri<r0els kav- 
tov, "remembering himself," i. e. his own conduct. — &v . . . . dya- 
vo.ktt|o-€1€v .... cl ... . ISeTjOr] : M. & T. 54, 1 ; G. 227. 16 eXaTTco, 
i. e. one in which his life was not imperilled. 18 dvaPipacrdp-evos, 



102 NOTES. 

having brought up with himself" or ''for his own benefit"; dva- 
sc. e7ri to Ptjjjlcl, 17 e. 20 apa, "as might have been expected": for 
other instances of this sense of apa see below, 37 D ; Crito 46 D ; 
50 E ; 51 A. 21 Kal TavTa : H. 508, b. 22 avGaSea-repov .... 
o-xoti], "might assume a haughty conduct towards me," because 
Socrates' independent behavior might wound the pride of the judges. 
26 &v (with \4yew) : G/211 ; H. 783, b. 

Page 30, 2 to tov 'Ojirjpov, sc. d\7]6es ian ; or, with Cron and 
Eiddell (Digest, 14) make the phrase in appos. with the following 
sentence, and translate, "in the words of Homer." G. 137, n. 3 ; 
H. 501, 502. So Theaet. 183 E, ILap/uLevidrjs de ijloi (paherau, to tov 
^Ofx-qpov (to use Homer's words) aldolbs tc djma beivbs re. In the 
Odyssey r 163 Penelope asks Odysseus for his parentage and adds, 
ov yap dirb dpvbs evert 7raXcu0drou ovd' dirb ireTpr}*. 4 Kal vUts, 
"and even sons." — Tpeis, viz. Lamprocles, Sophroniscus and Me- 
nexenus. Cf. Phaed. 116 B, Kal fyex® 7 ) ^ap clvtov [ZuKpaTij] tcl 
iraibia — dvo yap avTcp viels apuKpol fjaav, els de jxeyas. 5 oi)8eva 
.... $€T|<ro[Aat : the negation in ovbeva renders the addition of a 
negative particle before beifjaofxat unnecessary, the sentence having 
the same meaning as if it were dXX' bfiws ov derjao/xai Tcva avr&v dw- 
pipaaafjLevos. 7 cnj6aSi£op.evos : see above, D, avOaUaTepov axoirj. 
The best mss. are here against the form avdadiatb/mepos, which, 
moreover, is not considered by the lexicographers to be good Attic. 
8 dXV cl fi€v, k. t. X. : In accordance with the two preceding parti- 
ciples we should expect another partic. after dXXd, e. g. olbp.evos or 
voixifav, but instead of this we have an independent clause, otf (ioi 
8ok€i. The deviation from the regular construction may have been 
caused by the parenthetic sentence el p,ev — dXXos \6yos. 9 dXXos 
Xo-yos, alia res est, i. e. need not be taken into consideration here. 
10 8' oSv, "but at any rate " : see p. 1, 1. 2. 12 tovto Totfvop.a : see 
23 A. 13 tJ/€\i8os often occurs in opp. to aXi^e's, e. g. Euthyd. 272 

A, eav re xpevdos eav re dXrjdes fj, and even with a subst. Polit. 281 

B, irapdbo^bv re Kal xpevdos 'ovofia. — dXX' .... €0"Ti, ' ' but at all 
events it is commonly believed." 14 twv iroXXwv &v0pto7ra>v : see 
above 29 B. 16 toiovtoi <f<rovTCu, "shall be found to be such," 
i. e. shall be found to resort to unworthy devices to gain the favor 
of the jurors. 20 d0. €<rop.6vwv, gen. absol. without any subj., in 
order to express the thought in an independent form. 25 ovtoi at 



APOLOGY. 



103 



the beginning of the apodosis possesses much force and emphasis. 
26 vjids xpr\ is the reading of the best mss., though commonly su- 
perseded in our texts by vjulols XPV, the reading of four inferior mss. 
vfids may be defended by assuming an anacoluthic constr. for the 
following words, the author beginning his sentence as if he intended 
to continue ovre rj/xas iroiovvras ireptopdv. The sense is, "you should 
neither do so yourselves, when you happen to be the defendants 
(34 c), nor allow others to do so when you are judges." The itera- 
tion of vfids is caused by rj^els in the preceding conditional clause. 

Page 31, 3 clo-cryovTOs, sc. els rb dtKaar-qpLou, but the expression 
is commonly used of bringing on the stage, e. g. Legg. 8, 838 c, 
6rav 7) Qvearas ij tivcls OlbLirodas elcrdyojcnu. 6 \wpls 8e ttjs 8o|tjs, 
"but apart from appearance " (G. 182, 2 ; H. 589) : after the kol\6v 
(34 e) Socr. proceeds now to the consideration of the Ukollov, a point 
more important than the first, as is here shown by ov8e. The sec- 
ond ovSe is neque ; the first nequiclem. 7 Sedjxevov &iro<j>€iry€iv, "be 
discharged owing to entreaties "; in the same way we ought to have 
8iudaKoi>Ta Treideiv, but the author prefers a different construction. 
8 €7r! tovtco, "for this purpose": the following infinitives serving 
to explain the pronoun. 9 KaTaxapij€(r0ai to, SiKaia, "to admin- 
ister justice according to favor": for the prep, /caret see note on 
Karade-qdelj] p. 28, 1. 20. 10 ojawjiokcv, sc. 6 diKacrrrjs. ov properly 
belongs to o/jLcbpLOKev, as it would be m if the negation belonged to the 
infin. 16 Scria is added because perjury is a sin against the gods : 
hence also the expression €vo-€|3oi€v a few lines before. — aMcos T€ 
fUvroi occurs also in Arist. Clouds, 1267, cXMws re \xevroi koX ica/ccos 
ireir payor l and similar dWcos re irdvrus, Aesch. Pers. 659 ; Prometh. 
635; Eum. 725 s. 17 do-epa'as: G. 173, 2; H. 577, b. 18 t« 
8€io-0ai piajoijniv, "forced you by my entreaties": in Greek the 
phrase gives the impression of an 6£vjuuopoi>, as entreating and com- 
pelling are in their nature diametrically opposite to each other. So 
ire'idetv opp. to pidfraOcu, Eep. 6, 488 D, r) irelOovres 77 pLaftnevoi rbv 
vavK\r)pov. 19 In the order of words in 6€0i»s — etvcu it should be 
observed that Oeovs being the most important word of the whole 
sentence is placed at the beginning ; the grammatical order is 81- 
5do~Koifju b\v v/xds fi7] rjyeladaL Oeovs. 23 t<3 0€<S : cf. p. 4, 1. 8 at the 
end of the second chapter. 24 apicrra : H. 518, a. 

In the interval between the. two parts of the speech the judges 



104 



NOTES. 



pronounced sentence as to the guilt or innocence of the defendant. 
The suit being what is called ayuv tljultjtos (see above, p. 67), the 
defendant had then to declare what punishment he himself thought 
he had deserved. This is the theme of the second part of the 
Apology. 

25 to p.Tj d*yavaicTeiv, quod non indignor, the infin. having an 
absolute construction, as Jv/x/SdAAercu properly requires the constr. 
eh tl : cf. Rep. 1, 331 B, to fxrjde aKovrd riva i£cnraT7}<Tcu t) \peij- 
caadai .... fJLeya. fiipos els tovto i) tCov XP 7 1I X ^ T ^ V kttjgls i-v/jip&We- 
rcu. 26 KaT€\|/T]<(>icracr8€ p.ov = ifyjcpicrao-de kolt efxov, "you gave 
sentence against me." 

Page 32, 1 ovk avA.m<rrov, "not contrary to my expectation," 
a lit. for " just as I expected." e\7ris and eXirifa are relative words, 
denoting both hope and fear : cf. Legg. 1, 644 D, irpbs 5e tovtolv 
afxcpolv ad 56£as ixeXkbvTUv, otv kolvov ouofia eXwis. 4 ovtco Trap* 6Xi- 
•yov : the adverb ovtw is separated by the prep, from the adj., which 
it qualifies : so 40 A, irdvv eirl cfAiKpo'is = ewi irdvv apuKpciis. — irap' 
oXfyov means "with so little difference." The subj. of &r€<r0<u 
is rbv dpiQ^bv, to be understood from the preceding sentence. 
5 TpiaKovTa is the reading of the best mss., though the old edi- 
tions read rpels, a variation no doubt owing to the zeal of some 
emendator who was of opinion that a majority of thirty was by no 
means small, losing sight of the fact that thirty is after all merely one 
seventeenth of 501, the number of the judges. Diogenes Laertius 2, 
41, agrees with our passage in stating that 281 judges pronounced 
Socr. guilty. — jicTeirscrov, in aliam umam cecidissent. 6 airoire- 
fyevyr) : see references on p. 25, 1. 9. 8 dvipu — Ka/rr]*yopTJcrovT€s : 
the singular of the verb is against the rule, but not so rare as to 
oblige us to write dvefirjvav with Cobet and Hirschig. G. 135, n. 1 ; 
H. 511, h. 10 x i ^ a s SpaxjActs : If the plaintiff obtained not even 
the fifth part of all the votes he became liable to a fine which 
amounted to 1000 drachmae in all jmblic causes, and at the same 
time he forfeited the right of bringing an action of the same kind 
at a future time. Socr. says that Meletus alone and unassisted 
would not have obtained one fifth of the votes. This is expressed 
as if Meletus himself actually did not obtain one fifth, the rest be- 
ing procured by Anytus and Lyco. It will now be clear why we 
have ov ji€Ta\. and not fi-f}. 12 TijictTai — Gavci/rov are the words 



APOLOGY. 



I05 



of Meletus. Gava/rov, tivos : G. 173 ; H. 577, b, end. 13 vyXv is 
dat. eth. 14 ttjs a|ias, sc. tl/jltjs. 15 6, ti |Aa9wv is the indirect 
form of rt fxaOJov, though with a causal meaning, t'l ialxBlop tovto 
eiroLTjaa means ''what should enter my head that I must needs do 
this." Transl. here, "in so far as the question is now what entered 
my head to make me restless all through life." M. & T. p. 221, 
"bottom. 16 wvirep 01 -rroXXoi, sc. iiritLeXovPTcu, which is easily sup- 
plied from d/meXriaas. Cron compares Herod. 7, 104, ovk clop (pevyeiv 
ovSfr irXijdos dvdpdbirajp £k fJL&XV s ) clWol fxevovras ev rfj tol^l eirLKpaTieiv 
7) a-iroWvadai, where we have to supply KeXevup. 18 fuvo>|ioo-iwv 
Kal <rrd<r€a>v : j-vvwfioaiai are the political parties and factions whose 
purpose was to bring about a change in the existing constitution : 
(ttclo-ls is then the change or revolution which sprang from the en- 
deavors of the %vvu}jl. Events of this nature became very frequent 
in all Grecian communities ever since the Peloponnesian War. 

19 The constr. T)yr]<rdp.€vos Ijiavrbv — lirieiKco-rcpov elvai is a de- 
viation from the general rule, which demands here the nom. c. inf. 
(Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 20, IkolpoI rjyrjadfxevoL .... ravra irpdrreLv) : but 
cf. Lach. 184 B, el pep 8et\6s tls Cop ololto clvtop ettLgtclg 6 ai and 
Soph. 234 E, cI/ulcll 8e Kal epue t&p %tl iropptodep aweary kot up etvai. 

20 els Tavr' ovra is given by the best mss. (the Bodl. among the 
number) and should be kept, as the constr. seems sufficiently de- 
fended by the analogous constr. irapeipca el's ti (see on p. 28, 1. 12), 
alongside of which we also find itap&vai ip, e. g. reus crvpova lolls 
Protag. 335 B. The common reading is lgptol, and this is adopted 
by Stallb., though against the authority of the mss. cVraiiOa ija 
recurs directly: see also n. on p. 28, 1. 12. Stallb. quotes Pliileb. 
57 B, 8otce? tolpvp fyoiye ovros 6 \6yos .... epravda 7rpo/3e/3?7/ceVcu. 
Rep. 445 B, eireiirep ipravda i\7]\v6a/iep. 22 lirl 8e to 18icx, k. t. X. 
The sentence is redundant in expression, especially in I8la emo-rop 
and libp — rja. But this is quite in harmony wkh the general char- 
acter of Plato's style, to agrees with evepyereip. 27 &toito : M. 
k T. 26, and note 1, a ; G. 203, n. 3, 217. 28 ovtw and koto, tov 
avTbv TpoTrov are parallel expressions. 

Page 33, 3 Kal Tavra : "and that too." H. 508, b. 4 avSpl 
ircv^Tt evep-yeTTj, homini pauperi eidemque bene merito. (Cron). 
evepyerrjs tov Stj/ulov was an appellation often given to men of merit, 
and coveted even by kings as a special honor. 6 ficLXXov .... rp{- 



IQ 6 NOTES. 

7T€t ovtcos ws : the peculiarities of two different constructions are 
here united, viz. 3, tl fiaXXov izpeirei r\ tov and o, tl irpeireL ovrcos 
ws. So also in a very similar passage, Rep. 7, 526 c. 7 kv irpvTa- 
vetu <riT€i(rGai : cum interrogatus Socrates esset, respondit sese me- 
ruisse ut amplissimis honoribus et praemiis decoraretur, et ut ei 
victus cotidianus in Prytaneo publice praeberetur, qui honos apud 
Graecos maximus habetur. Cic. de Or. 1, 54, 232. The irpyravelov 
was under the acropolis on the northern side. 8 frmnp, i. e. KeXrjTi, 
a race-horse; £vva>pi8i, biga; ^vyst, triga, and quadriga. It is 
unnecessary to add a note on the honors awarded to the victors in 
the great Olympic festivals, as this is sufficiently known from 
Horace. 11 ov8ev Scitcw, inasmuch as only rich citizens could 
venture to appear in the great national games, while Socr. was poor 
and would have valued the rpocpq ev irpvr. far more than a rich 
man. 16 dvTipdXTjcris = wereta. See above Ch. XXIII. — The 
part. d/ircu>0a8i£d}i€vos is an epexegesis of the preceding TrapairXr)- 
<ri(x)s ws, k. r. X. 18 Ikwv €ivcu has the same sense as cklcv alone, 
and is mostly used in negative sentences. M. & T. 100, n. 2 ; 
G. 268, n. ; H. 775, a. 20 wo-irep .... dvOpwirois, e. g. the Lace- 
daemonians : cf. Plut. Apophth. Lac. s. t. , 'AXe£av8pi5ov c. VI : epco. 
t&vtqs tlvos avrdv, dia tl tcls irepi rod davdrov diKas irXeloo'LV y/JLepais 
ol yepovres Kpivovai, iroXXah, ^(pr), ijjut.e'pais Kpivovcriv, 3tl irepi davdrov 
rols diafiapTdvovo'Lv ovk 2<ttl /uera/SouXetfcracflcu. In the same way, 
Thucydides, when he relates the death of Pausanias, observes, dXV 
ovd' Cbs ovde tlov WiXdoroju jui7]vvTais tlctl irLorreijaavTes Tj^iwaav vedjre- 
pbv ri iroielv els avrbv, xP^ } l xev0L T $ Tpbircp i^ep elwdacriv es crcpas 
avrovs, /jlt] raxe'ts elvcu irepi dvdpbs 'ZirapTidrov dvev dvapL(j)i(Tpy}TrjTU)v 
TeKfxrjpiwv povXevaal tl dvrjKecrTov. 27 ri Scleras gives the reason for 
a5iK7j(reLv k. TifjLr}(r. In English we should translate it as a complete 
Sentence. — ^ (sc. rt/^cro/wu) [i.f| 7rd0a> : G. 215, A, 216 ; H. 739. 

Page 34, 2 wv . . . . ovtcov : again we have a confusion of two 
constructions, viz. e'Xw^cu tl totutwv a ed o!5' on icand ecrriv and a ed 
olda /ca/ca ovtcl or with attraction &v ed olda kclkwv ovtwv. — ^XcojJiat : 
M. & T. 88 ; G. 256 ; H. 720, c. So Tip^cra>p.ai, 1. 8. 3 tov (i. e. 
tlvos) Ti[j.r|crdfi€Vos is C. Meiser's emendation ; former editions read 
toijtov, though this has scarcely any grammatical construction, as tl 
does not stand in the sentence, but is only understood. See crit. 
notes. 4 For act see n. on p. 15, 1. 2. The &>de/ca are thus denned 



APOLOGY. lo y 

by Hesycliius, dpxovres, oh irapedtdouro 61 6avdr(p KaradLKaadimes, 
See also Corn. Nepos Phoc. 4. I have bracketed the words tcks ev- 
8tKa in agreement with Heiiidorf, Sehleiennacher, and Bekker: cf. 
39 E, ol apxovTts. 5 Kal SsSe'o-Oai, k. t. X. Cf. the law mentioned by 
Demosth. e. Timocr. § 63, edv 8' dpyvpiov TLfirfdrj, dedeadu [he shall 
be kept in prison] reus (ea>s) av eKTiarj o, rt av avrou Karayvioady. 
6 vvv Srj, ''just now," referring to the words, t'l /jlc del $?\v ev deatAu- 
Tiipicp ; 7 oiroScv €KTicra> : M. kT. 65; G. 236. 8 <J>vyfjs, ''ex- 
ile, banishment." 9 ci . . . . cljxt : for the indicative see note on 
p. 14, 1. IS. 13 £t]T€it€, "endeavor." 14 aXXot 8* &pa, k. t. X. 
is an independent clause, ironically added to the preceding depend- 
ent clauses. Stallb. justly translates alii vero scilicet patientur. 
16 l£€\6ovTt, "having gone into exile." — ttiXikwS* dv0p<Wa> is 
more emphatic than T7?\. ovtl : see p. 54, 1. 2. — dXX^v e£ dXX-qs, 
k. t. X.: w6\iv is added in only one ms., and is by no means neces- 
sary for the expression, cf. Xen. Anab. 5, 4, 31, dvafiouvTui' d\\r)\uv 
£vvi)kovov ets tt}v erepav €k t?jS er^pas 7r6Xews. Cron justly observes 
that the expressions in the text remind the audience of the wander- 
ing life led by the Sophists, cf. Soph. 224 b, rbv p.a6r)/j.ara %vvuvovLie- 
vov ttoKlv re €k iroXews vofxlcTfiaTos afA€i(3oi>Ta. 17 Jfjv is epexegesis 
of kgl\6s civ fj.oL 6 fiios et-rj. 24 tjjuv: dat. eta. G. 184, 3, n. 5 ; 
H. 599. 

Page 35, 1 ^eXGwv £f)v, "live in exile." — tovtI 8^j, "this in- 
deed," the ace. rovrl dependent on ireiGtii. 4 ws : "on the ground 
that." G. 277, n. 2 ; H. 795, e. 6 tovs Xoyous, "my conversa- 
tions." 8 6 8« dv€|€Ta<rros, k.t. X. : the sentence depends on on. 
dve^erao-ros is best translated, "not examining itself." — ftos fiu>>- 
tos, " a life worth the trouble to live it," comp. the simple tip ovu 
fSiurrbv T)u2v ean, Crito 47 D. 9 ravra 8* <in : 8e in the apodosis 
(G. 227, 2 ; H. 862, b) connects this with ov ireiaeade /-tot ws elp. 
above. 11 Kal l-yw : After having shown that he neither may nor 
can give up the accustomed task of his life, whence it follows that 
he cannot live in exile, Socrates adds that he cannot ask for ban- 
ishment for the reason given above 37 B. "With this he goes on to 
make a proposal which, properly speaking, he previously dis- 
claimed, though now he puts it forward in a form somewhat modi- 
fied. Cron. 14 cl jif| &pa: see note on p. 1, 1. 11. 16 fiv&v dpyv- 
piov: not quite £4. 20 avrol 8* vjyvao-Qa.1, sc. <paaLi>, to be sup- 



108 NOTES. 

plied from KeXetiovaiv. 21 d|i6xp€o> : they being men of fortune and 
substance. 

The third part of the speech takes place after sentence of death 
has been passed. 

22 ov ttoXXov : inasmuch as Socr. had not long to live, in the 
common course of nature. 23 wo: see on 17 A. Thucyd. 6, 46 
7ro\\7]p tt\v ahlav elxov virb rCbv arpaTiUTuv. 24 &?T€KTovaT€ "have 
sentenced to death " : see above 29 B. 

Page 36, 1 vp.iv toOto Iyc'vcto, sc. ifie reOvdvai dJ) readily under- 
stood from the preceding words and actually added in many inferior 
mss. 2 irdppo) tov piov, " at an advanced stage of life ": comp. the 
analogous expression irdppw ttjs rjkiidas, Gorg. 484 c. (G. 182, 2 ; 
H. 589). 6 d-iropia X07WV, inscientia dicendi, Cic. de Or. 1, 54. 
8 o)ctt€ aTrofyvyslv we translate "in order to—," though in Greek 
ware expresses only the consequence, not the intention. After the 
phrase, irav or irdvra ttolclp the constr. varies; as here, we have 
Phaed. 114 C, XPV 7r & 1 ' iroieiv, tcare dperrjS Kal (ppovrjaews h to) (3iip 
fxeTaaxw, but on the other hand comp. Phaedr. 252 E, nav ttolovulv 
Sirm roLovros 'eo-rai. See below 39 A. 10 toXjjitjs, in a bad sense : 
cf. 39 A, edv ris toX/hol irav iroieiv Kal Xeyeiv. 18 €K€ivo>s, sc. diro- 
XoyqadfAevos. 22 &<|>eis: G. 226 ; H. 789, e. 23 [xrjxaval .... 
wo-T€ : comp. /^a^ao-flca ottos, 1. 19, and note on 38 D. 26 \xr) ov : 
M. & T. 46, n. 4 ; G. 218, n. 2. 

Page 37, 1 dXXd iroXv, k. t. X. : The sentence should be com- 
pleted in this manner, dWd fxr) 7ro\i> xaXeiruiTepov rj irovr\plav €K<pv- 
yetv. 2 : In 0&ttov .... ©avaTov 0€t notice the alliteration. 
6 For virb ttjs dX. see note on 17 A. a><(>XT]KdT€S -= KaTaireireiafi^ 
voi. 9 fxeTpiws, "in the right (just) measure." 10 to . . . .toOto, 
"respecting what is to come after this." 12 Iv w jidXio-Tct: cf. 
Cic. de div. 1, 30, 63, itaque adpropinquante morte multo est divi- 
nior [animus] : nam et id ipsum vident qui sunt morbo gravi et mor- 
tifero adfecti, instare mortem ; itaque eis occurrunt plerumque ima- 
gines mortuorum, tumque vel maxime laudi student, eosque qui secus 
quam decuit vixerunt peeeatorum suorum turn maxime paenitet. 
divinare autem morientis illo etiam exemplo confirmat Posidonius, 
etc. Comp. the noble words of the dying Gaunt in Shakespeare's 
Richard II. II. 1, 5 ff, 0, but they say the tongues of dying men En- 
force attention like deep harmony, etc. 15 oi'av tyl direKTovarc 



APOLOGY, IO g 

presupposes the possibility of a constr. Ti^coplav airoKTeLveiv, and this 
seems to have arisen out of TLjULtopiav TLjiupelcrdai in the same way 
as fidxv 1 ' vlkolv or rjTTaadcu results from fi&xi v /^cLxeadai.. 

Page 33, 1 Situs &rrai cos PcXt., sc. avrbs 6 eavrbv irapacrKevafav. 
5 irrrcp, "in defence of," not identical in sense with rrepi, which is 
substituted by Hirschig. — kv <5, "as long as." 6 dpxovTcs are the 
evdeKct. — ol, sc. els to deo-fjuorrjpiov. 8 SiapjOoXoyfjo-ai is a more 
expressive word than diaXeyeadai, : cf. Phaed. 61 E ; ib. 70 A. 
10 to ... . JvfipePTjKos: prolepsis ; H. 726. 14 irdw lirl <r|ii- 
Kpots = em ttclvv GfiLKpois, see on 36 A. Stallb. quotes Euthyd. 
305 c, ttclvv irapa iroXXots. 17 koA vojii£€tcu, "and which is actu- 
ally considered," /cat being emphatic = /cat 8>i /cat. For the transi- 
tion from an active to a passive constr. Cron compares Charm. 156 c, 
ravra ovtu \4yov<ri re /cat £x ei « 22 |X€tcl|v serves here to enforce 
the sense of the participle as a part, imperf. inter dioendum : cf. 
Theag. 123 E, Xeyovros aov /xera^v yeyove /ulol t) cpojvr] 77 rod 8cu/j,ovlov. 
Rep. 1, 336 A, /cat diaXeyojuevcov t)plQv fiera^u ibp/xa dvTLXa/jL(3dvea6at 
rod \6yov. 24 ti — viroXajxpava) : solcnt ertim apud Platonem si 
qui loqucntes introducuntur se ipsos intcrrogare ac dcinde ad ea, quae 
dubia vidcantur, ipsi rcspondere. Stallb. 

Page 39, 3 ttjSc, i. e. by dialectic. 5 f\ -yap, k. t. X. : i. e. ?) ydp 
olov pL7]8ei> elvai ecrt. to reOvdvai : "the state of death is as it were 
non-existence." Crox. olov (" as it were") is parenthetical to the 
construction (and so in olov vttvos, olov aTrod^Lirjo-at below), tov 
T60vewTa is the sub. of elvai as well as of e'x €Ll '- Plddell. 6 koto, 
tu Xe*yofi€va denotes the descriptions of a future life given hj the 
poets, who themselves based them on old traditions and beliefs of 
the people. In Phaedo 70 c (Ch. XY.) Socr., in a similar disquisi- 
tion, starts again from a TraXcubs \6yos. 7 ttj \Jruxrj is more ex- 
pressive than ttjs ^ux'/)s, showing in what way the soul is affected 
by death. 8 tov totto-u tov is considered spurious by Cobet Var. 
Lect. p. 300, but unjustly, as /jl€toikt]o-is rod rowov is a justifiable 
construction instead of /xer. e/c rod tottov: comp. ixeroiKelv and uera- 
pdXXeiv with an ace. Comp. also Thuc. 1, 2, 3, 5td ras fierotKias is 
to. d\\a, with the notes of the editors. — tov IvSsvSc stands instead 
of rod evravda, as the subst. neroiKrio~is implies the idea of motion : 
see note on 32 B. — €iT€ pallia has its correlative below E in el 
aD. 11 On account of the prolixity of the protasis 8€0t is repeated, 



no 



NOTES. 



and &v is put even three times, though the last av before evpelv 
would alone be quite sufficient. — ItcXc^dixevov .... ko.1 .... clvti- 
irapaGevTa are subordinate to <TKe\j/dpLevov, as may also be seen from 
the position of the copula. GKe\j/. itself is subordinate to the inf. 
elirelv. 17 |x-f| on, ?ie dicam. — rbv piyav PacriXea, the king of 
Persia. 18 €vapi0p.TjTo\>s, lit. easy to count, i. e. a very few. Hor. 
A. P. 206, populus numerabilis utpote parvus. — irpds, "compared 
to": cf. 41 B, ra ifjiavToO irddrj wpbs r& eiceLvuv. 23 a>s #pa denotes 
a consequence naturally resulting from the theory that death is a 
migration to another place. 25 "Ai8ov : H. 509, b. 

Page 40, 2 Mwvws, k. t. X., is joined to the relative clause, and 
therefore put in the nom., though we should rather expect the ace. 
in agreement with dtKaards. So Phaed. 66 E, Tore rjfuv (-arai od 
eiriOv/jLovjJLfr re /ecu (pafxeu epaaral eirat (ppovrjaews. — About the 
judges in Hades it will be useful to compare the passage Gorg. 523 
E ss., where Minos, Khadamanthys, and Aeacus are also mentioned. 
Triptolemus, the son of Eleusis, was considered by the Athenians as 
their teacher in agriculture and first legislator ; Plato associates him 
and other heroes here with the three other judges, either adopting 
a local tradition of the Athenians, or freely modifying the mytho- 
logical beliefs, as, indeed, he often does in his works. 6 eirl ird<ra>, 
k. t. X. : Cicero, who, in his Tusc. 1, 41, translates most of the 
whole passage from Ch. XXXII., says here, qicanti tandem aesti- 
rnatis? 9 XIaXap.Tj8€i, son of Nauplius, king of Euboea, famous 
for his wisdom, was stoned to death by the Grecian army, owing to 
the false accusations brought against him by Odysseus. In Xen. 
Mem. 4, 2, 33, Socr. draws a parallel between himself and Palamedes, 
and consoles himself with the recollection of the injustice which P. 
had endured. 11 dvTiirapapdXXovTi we translate as if it were &pti- 
irapap&Weiv : comp. the similar constr. of TJdofiai, a/mewou ecrri, fxera- 
fieXei jxol with participles. 12 ovk d/qBe's = ijdtcrTov, above p. 27, 
1. 27. 13 to |JL€Yi(rTov without £<tti, cf. to dk dr) fxera rovro, p. 37, 
10. G. 137, n. 3 ; H. 501, 502. 16 Riddell proves that fcyovTa is 
the genuine reading by comparing Legg. 635 A, where 6 ridels avrd 
stands, though we should expect 6 dels avrd, and in much the same 
way Herod. 2, 33, 5, uses rovs dyovras in the sense of "leaders," 
where again we might expect dyayovras. dywv is in both instances 
used as a substantive, though it still governs the case of the verb. 



APOLOGY. m 

So also Time. 1, 13, 6, ^or/ca^s MacrcraXtaj> oIkl^ovt€s almost = oid- 
aavres. 18 At first sight, Stephanies' conjecture ovs &v tis €'i7rot 
might appear very tempting ; but comp. the following passages 
(quoted by Stallb.): Gorg. 403 D, eirei iro'ap 5t/caty xpa>/u,e*>os Eep^-qs 
eirl ri)v 'EXXdc)a ecrrpdrevaev ; r) 6 irarqp avrou eirl tovs 1,Kv6as ; ?} 
dXXa fivpia av tis ex o: rotavra Xeyecv. Phaed. 94 B, \eycj 5e to 
TOLovde, ujs el Kavfiaros cvovtos /cat dr^/ovs eirl rovvavTiov eX/ceti>, eirl to 
/jltj Ttveiv /cat ireivrjs ivovo-qs iirl to fiq iadleiv /cat dXXa fivpia irov 
op&fJLev ivavTLOVfxevrjv tt\v \pvx^ v T0L ^ /card to crcD^a. 19 ap.Tjx.avov 
€t»8aip.ovias, " an immense piece of good fortune": cf. Theaet. 175 
A, &TOTra clvtu) K.aTa<paLveT(u ttjs o-fiLKpo\oyias. Rep. 8, 567 E, ?} fxa- 
Kapiov X^yets Tvpdvvov xPVf 10 - 24 a> avSpcs SiKaoral, vos iudices 
qui me absolvistis ; Cicero: see 40 A. 25 *iv ti tovto, ''this as 
something important." 

Page 41, 5 irpa-yjiaTwv denotes human life in its stir and com- 
motions, cf. Rep. 3, 406 E, TeXevTrjaas 7rpayfx&Tuv airTJXXayq : here 
more especially the wants and hardships of old age. 8 ov -irdvv, 
" not ver) r much," almost equal to "not at all. 10 tovto has the 
sense of dtd tovto. So in Latin quod in the sense of propter quod : 
see my note on Ter. Andr. 289. — a£iov, par est : Gorg. 465 E, &£lov 
fih ovv i/nol avyyv ib/uL-qu %x eLV Zo~tL Cron. 13 airep : G. 159, n. 4 ; 
H. 555. 15 (xt^v 6Vt€s : G. 283, 4; H. 839. 18 -nwovOws fcro- 
p.at : M. & T. 29, n. 3 : G. 98, 2, n.; H. 713. — avro's tc Kal,K.T.X. 
is epexegesis to eyd>, cf. Crito 50 E. 19 diriivai : M. & T. 92, n. 2 ; 
G. 261 ; H. 767. 21 irXfjv t| is a pleonasm similar to dXX' ^ for 
which see n. on p. 29, 1. 10. Cf. also Arist. Clouds 360, ov yap dv 
aXXy y vraK0V0-cufJL€P .... irX-qv t) ILpoUKy. 



NOTES 0¥ THE CEITO. 






INTRODUCTORY NOTICE. 

In the Apology, 33 e, Crito is mentioned as rj\aa&n)$ Kal drj^rrjs 
of Socrates : the first appears also from the dialogue itself, 49 A. 
The friendship between him and Socrates seems to have been very- 
constant and very sincere ; an enthusiastic admirer of Socrates' 
manner of teaching, Crito was still of a practical turn of mind, and 
in the dialogues of Plato this feature appears again and again, when- 
ever Crito is introduced. In the present dialogue we see that Crito 
is merely endeavoring to save his friend, and has done everything 
in order to facilitate his escape ; but he finds it difficult to under- 
stand the reasons which decide Socrates' resolution to stay. 

It appears superfluous to add a logical analysis of the dialogue, as 
the reader will easily understand the simple and perspicuous devel- 
opment of the argument. 

Page 43, 4 irr]viKa (icLXwrra; "what may the time be?" fid- 
Xicrra denotes an approximatively correct statement. 5 paOvs is 
more than once used of time ; the same expression occurs Protag. 
310 A, TTjs TrapeKdoTuarjS vvktqs ravrrjai, 2ti opdpov padeos. We find 
it also in St. Luke xxiv. 1, where the authorized translation renders 
it "very early in the morning." 12 en-i€iK<3s is explained irdw, 
\lav by the grammarians. 13 dra in questions: see n. on p. 19, 
1. 13. 14 irapaKaOTjo-ai : by the bedside. 15 ovS* &v avros, ne 
ipse quidem. 16 4v roa-avrr\ tc : note the unusual position of re 
instead of if rocr. dypvrr. re Kal X., but re is placed after the pro- 
noun in the same way as it stands after the article in many pas- 
sages, e. g. Phaed. 94 D, rd re Kara yvfjLfaariKTjf Kal rqv larpLKTjf 






CRITO. i i 3 

instead of rd Kara yi'uvao-TiKTjv re kcu t. L 17 a>s TjSe'ws = on 
oitl. omp. directly afterwards cos paSi'cos = Sri rira padlus. 

18 SicLyhs: M. Jc T. 44. I 848, n. 

Page 44, 2 Tpd-n-ou : G. 173 ; H. 577. a. 5 &y . . • . dfi) . . • . el 
5€i : M. ,k T. 54, 1 : G. 227. 8 hnXverui — to \i^\ ov\C is a con- 
struction after the analogy of verbs of preventing, hindering, con- 
tradicting, etc., after which fir) ov stands habitually either with or 
without an article. M. ft T. 95, 3 and 95, 2, n. 1, b . 7) ; 

H. 847, a. 14 ko.1 xoXeirT|v teal (3apetav is an emphatic iter/ 
of the preceding x^-~'7- 15 ev ivlynufu is a curtailed expres- 
sion for ev rols f poverty eyw ^apvrara h h. See " 2 A below. 
16 Tiva TavTT)v. ac. ^«r. — to -ttXoiov : the sacred ship, Th^~ 
which was annually sent to Delos in honor of Apollo. Between its 
departure and its return the city was kept ceremonially clean, and 
there was a consequent reprieve for all criminals who would have 
been executed during that interval. The condemnation of S 
had happened to coincide with the beginning of this embassy. For 
an account of the origin of this annual mission to Delos » 
Phaedo, 58 a. 17 TeGvdvcu properly is "to be dead," but in nu- 
merous ] scarcely differs from 6.-koBviyjk^v (see e.g. ApoL 
30 c). 18 dXXd 8ok€l \Uv, without a corresponding 8e in the fol- 
lowing words, and so we find d\\d /nev in many passages of the best 

Iters, showing that fiev was in this phrase originally identical 
with jirjv. 21 tcjv d-yyeXcuv is considered spurious by Hirschig and 
Cron, and it is true that we cannot translate "from these mes- 
sages, is SyyeXos in Attic Greek never denotes a message, but only 
a messenger. But Stallb. justly compares Lys. contra Nicom. § ". 
€k tuv Totavra \ey6vrujv, so that it seems hardly necessary to bracket 
the words. 23 tvxtj d^aGf] : a common formula with a verb of 
wishing suppressed ; "may it be with favoring fortune." G. 1 
H. 608, examples, 28 f\ after vcrrepaig, because this implies the 
notion of a comparative (like after in "the day after "). — S\9tj : 
1L k T. 61, 3 : 

1 ot tovtuv Kvpioi : the frdcKa, see Apol. 39 B. 2 t-ps 
€7riovo-r]s tjji., "on the approaching day"; Socr. chooses this ex- 

rly dawn, and the day itself has not 
mended. 4 oXi-yov irpoTepov before Crito's entrance ; the dream 
consequently took place after midnight, when dreams were consid- 



U4 



NOTES. 



ered to come true : see Hor. Sat. 1, 10, 33, Quirinus post mediam 
noctem visus, quom somnia vera. — The gen. TavTTjs rfjs vuktos is, 
of course, temporal, and not dependent on irporepov. 5 ev Kcupcu 
alone = opportune, cv k. tivi = ^eropportune. 9 fj|ia,Ti, k. t. X. : 
The line is from II. / 363 (translated by Cic. de div. 1, 25, tertia te 
Phthiae tempestas laeta locabit) : in Homer, however, we have, Iko'l- 
fM7]v f as there Achilles threatens to leave the Greeks before Troy and 
to go to Phthia, where he says that he shall arrive on the third day. 
13 $ri Kal viiv, "now, while it is still time," Crito's former en- 
treaties to persuade Socr. to escape by flight having been in vain. 
Cf. Arist. Frogs 1246, dXX' &yad\ en /cat vvv airboos. 16 ovSe'va |x^j 
,tot€ == ov m "ore riva. M. & T. 89 ; G. 257 ; H. 845. Notice 
\l£v and 8e in one and the same sentence. 17 p/fj : G. 231, end ; 
H. 835. — «s otos t wv, "though I might have been able." &v 
represents, therefore, the impf. hv 9jv in direct speech. M. & T. 49, 
2, n. 3 (and examples on p. 98) ; G. 222, n. 2. 19 8o|a § 8ok€iv 
is an abundance of expression not uncommon in Greek : cf. below 
53 B, TTJv 55%av (bare boKeiv. See Eiddell's Digest § 163 A. a. 
26 wtnrep &v irpaxGii : M. & T. 61, 3 ; G. 232, 3. See also M. & 
T. 20, n. 1, end. 

Page 46, 1 a/urn 8£ SfjXa, k. t. X. : Stephanus adopts Cornarius' 
conj. 577X0?, and Fischer attempts, though unsuccessfully, to show 
that 577X0S can have an active as well as a passive sense, while 
Stallbaum assumes an anacoluthia, the sentence, as he says, begin- 
ning as if Critowere going to continue,^ on virb tQi> woWQv i&ip- 
yao-fjiiva iarb, constructione repente mutata, rem multo gravius elo- 
quitur, dicens, on otot rk eiviv ol rroWoi, k. t. X. Cron explains the 
words by "the fact itself is easy to understand = shows clearly," 
and this seems to be the most natural explanation. He adds that 
Crito has apparently learnt very little from the explanations given 
in the Apol. 30 D, 34 c, 40 A, etc. 4 SiaPepXtuxevos •§ : M. & T. 
18, 1, end. 5 El -yap a>c|>€Xov : M. & T. 83, 1 and 2 (examples); 

G. 251, 2, and n. 1 ; H. 721, 1, b. 6 I'va fjo-av : M. & T. 

44, 3 ; G. 216, 3 ; H. 742. 7 Kal KaXcSs av ctx*, "and then all 
would be right, " viz. if the protasis really contained a true state- 
ment ; viiv 8e, "but as it is," directly introduces the real truth, i. e. 
the very reverse of the supposition made in the protasis. 11 dpa 
. . . . irpo|JLT]0€i : "I hope you are not afraid on my account." 



CRITO. 



115 



13 irp&*y|i.aTa irapcxeiv, "to give trouble"; irpdyixara sometimes 
means " quarrels, law-suits." 17 o-w<ravT€S : M. & T. 24, n. 2, end 
of fine print ; G. 204, n. 2 ; H. 717, a, end. 22 |itjt€ : a corre- 
sponding iirjTe is wanting, but on p. 47, 1. 5 the same sentence, in- 
terrupted here, is resumed and fully developed. 26 {nr&pxsL, "is 
at your disposal." 27 iKavd is in apposition ; the sense of the last 
clause is d eyu oLOfxat LKava elvou. 

Page 47, 1 |€voi ovtoi alone denotes strangers staying in Athens, 
and €v6d8€ appears, therefore, to be only a gloss on odrot. Cebes 
and Simmias, both of Thebes, were present at the trial and death 
of Socrates ; they appear also in Plato's Phaedo. 5 p.TJT€ diroKa- 
jxtjs : Crito speaks as if Socr. had formerly made vain attempts to 
escape from his prison, and in his anxiety for Socrates' life forgets 
that it was himself who endeavored to persuade Socr. to avoid death 
by escaping from prison. 6 $ e^-yes : see Apol. 37 c, D. 7 XP 4 ? • 
M. & T. 34, 3 ; G. 244. The phrase 6, ti \puo owru, "what you 
should do with yourself," is very elegant Attic, and more than once 
used by Lucian in imitation of the older writers : e. g. Bis Ace. 27, 
0, tl xpl a ' aLT0 €avT(^ ovk el8J)s. 8 dXXocrc : though we expect a\\o6i 
in agreement with iroWaxov, we have dXXoae in agreement with 
6wol. This is a case of inverse attraction. 14 €|bv <r<o9f]vcu, "when 
you have an opportunity of saving yourself." G. 278, 2 ; H. 792. 
— (rairrbv -rrpoSovvai is epexegesis of the preceding w T ords. 19 to 
trbv fw'pos, "as far as you can help it" {pro tua parte = quod ad te 
attinet) : G. 160 ; H. 549, c : so again below 50 b and 54 c. 20 6, 
ti dv rv\oi(ri [sc. TrpdrToures] tovto irpd|ovo-i, "they will fare as 
chance wills it": comp. Protag. 353 A, 6', tl hv rvx^^h tovto \£yov- 
(tlv. irpdrreLv with neuters often has the sense commonly known in 
eft irp. and /ca/ews irp. 24 tgL . . . . aipcicrOai, "to choose the most 
careless conduct." 26 <j>do-KovTa -y€ Srj, "especially if one pre- 
tends"; the part, is added to the infin. alpelo-dcu in agreement with 
riva, which is understood. 

Page 48, 3 kciI: " both," correl. to kcll next line. — t| elVoSos tt)s 
8ikt]s is said in accordance with the expression 77 5Ur) elo-epx^rac. 
In ws €l<rf)X0€v I have adopted the reading of the best mss. (Bodl. 
Yen., etc.) in preference to elarjXdes, the reading of less trustworthy 
mss., though Stallbaum adopts the latter. Wolf prefers elarfkdev, 
which may be understood to mean that Socr. had it in his power to 



U6 NOTES. 

prevent the coming on of the trial by adopting a different and more 
conciliatory line of conduct towards his accusers. The abundance 
of expression in rj eicrodos — &s eiarfkdev is quite in keeping with 
Plato's style, and parallel constructions are very numerous in the 
best writers. 4 avros 6 d-ywv, "the whole process itself," an ex- 
pression complete without ttjs 8lkt)s, which is probably nothing but 
a gloss. 5 to TeXcvTcuov 8tj rovri : the last act of the whole drama 
(airav to irpdyjuia above) in the prison, described by Plato in the two 
dialogues Crito and Phaedo. The infin. TjjJids Sokciv is a further 
explanation of to reX. 8r) tovtL, and in appos. with it. 7 Sia/n-e&ev- 
•ycvai is used absol. without top klpSvpop or a similar accus. (instances 
of this use frequently occur in Thucydides and Xenophon) ; trans- 
late "to have kept out of danger." 8 ov8€ <ri> o-avrov, sc. eauaas, 
an independent clause in very loose connection with the preceding 
relative clause. — olov t€ ov : cf. notes on ££6p, p. 47, 1. 14, and on 
olbs t cop, p. 45, 1. 7. 9 €'i ti, k. t. X. : see n. on p. 19, 1. 18. 12 p€- 
povXevo-Oai : Stallb. quotes Charm. 176 c, oStol, 9jp 8' iydb, ri fiov- 
\e\jeo-6ov iroLtLP ; ovdep, ecprj 6 Xap/midrjs, dXXa pefiovXetifieOa. M. & T. 
18, 3, b. 18 d|ia, sc. eo-riV, notwithstanding the optative in the 
protasis: see a similar constr. in the Apol. 19 E. cl . . . . dr\ : M. 
& T. 54, 2. 20 ov jjiovov is the reading of our mss., but on a 
herma with the head of Socrates of great antiquity we read this 
passage with the variation ov pvp irp&TOP, which is considered by A. 
Nauck more genuine than ov jjlopop, but I do not venture to adopt it 
against the authority of the mss. 24 eKpaXeiv, "throw away as 
something utterly worthless. " 26 irpco-pevw — tijjlw : Trpecr^evecp t6 
T'.jjLixp irapa HXcltlopi, Pollux Onom. 2, 12. Plato joins Trpeo-fieveip 
and TifAcip also in other passages, e. g. Sympos. 187 c. 

Page 49, 2 ov \i.i\ : G. 257 ; H. 845. 4 [iopp.oXvTT€cr0ai properly 
means "to frighten with the Mopimcb, " who was conceived to be a 
kind of child -devouring spectre. This verb is here constr. with a 
double ace. , after the analogy of ftKairTeip tlvlx ti. — Secrjiovs, k.t.X., 
is added in explanation of t&p irapoPTcop, as these are the usual kinds 
of punishment, the most fearful of which Socr. is now about to suf- 
fer. The plur. 0dvcn-oi denotes the various ways in which capital 
punishment is inflicted. 5 ji,€TpuoTaTa, "most properly": see n. 
on p. 37, 1. 9. 7 dvaXdpoijxev, "resume" the assertion made by 
Crito above 44 b, 45 e. Before el we should supply, "perhaps we 



CRITO. 



117 



may do so best, if," or words of similar meaning. 11 &pa " f 
course" (see n. on p. 29, 1. 20) here ironically. — dXXws, orig. "dif- 
ferently than it was really meant," i.e. not seriously intended. 
gv€Ka X670V is a parallel expression of much the same meaning as 
diets causa. Comp. Phaed. 76 e, el 8e m tare ravra, aMws av 6 
\6yos ovros elpr)p.evos etrj, and Lach. 196 C, opQfiev jut] Sudas oteral n 
Xeyeiv teal ov \6yov eveKa ravra Xtyec. 14 iimSfj <S8« %x<a, "since I 
am in this position," i. e. in danger of my life. 16 tI Xfyciv is the 
opp. to ovdei> Xeyetp (Apol. 30 b), and rl has, therefore, an emphatic 
sense, "something good" or "well-founded." 20 o<ra ye Tav0p., 
"in all human probability." C£ p. 63, 1. 21, and note. 22 Ik<x- 
vws, "with sufficient foundation," i. e. with good reason. The same 
expression occurs below, p. 53, 1. 19. 

Page 50, 7 ir«s a$, "in what sense": ad shows that this ques- 
tion also had been treated before. 8 tovto irpdrrcov "who does 
this diligently," i. e. makes it his vocation or profession to do this. 
So Menex. 244 c. Xen. Hell. 4, 8, 22. 10 av rvyxavr\ : M. & T. 
62 ; G. 233. — larpbs ^ iraiSoTptpTjs : the two professions are fre- 
quently mentioned together (e. g. Gorg. 452 a, 456 E, 401 A. Protag. 
313 D, 326 bc) ; the larpbs not only restoring broken health, but 
also regulating diet and exercise for the preservation of it, while the 
TraidorplpTjs promises KaXovs re Kal lo~xvpovs iroielv rods avdpdoirovs 
r<x au/jiara (Gorg. 452 b), by teaching gymnastics in "their various 
branches. He is, therefore, generally the same as a yv[waan)sy 
though some attempt to discriminate between yvp.va&rr\s and waido- 
rpi(3r)s. Sometimes the two professions were united in one and the 
same person. 17 avTw : G. 281, 2 ; H. 805. — irpcucTeov, k. t. X., 
describe the functions of the larpos and iraLdorpLfir)s, so that irpaK. 
Kal yvp.v. belong to the department of the latter, edeareov ye Kal tto- 
reov to that of the former. The difference is also indicated by yd, 
which generally denotes the commencement of a new class in an 
enumeration of various things or ideas. 21 &Tiud<ras, "not valu- 
ing." 23 [Xo-yovs] is given by many excellent mss. (e.g. Bodl.), 
but seems to be a gloss, compared with the similar expressions in b. 

— \Lr\Uv : G. 283, 4 ; H. 839. 

Page 51, 2 Kal 8tj kcu, "and consequently also." 9 8 — kylyvtro 

— dirwXXvro : the imperfects expressing reference to previous inves- 
tigations = 5 yiyvecrdai eXtyero. Cron appropriately quotes an an- 



n8 NOTES. 

alogous usage from Cic. Off. 1, 40, 143, itaque, quae erant pruden- 
tiae propria, suo loco dicta sunt. 14 iret06jj.€voL u-fj : the position 
of {jLif} is here very emphatic, so as to suggest an antithesis, which is, 
however, purposely omitted, viz. dXXd rrj tQv firj iiraXovTuv 86^-rf. 
Comp. Xen. Cyrop. 4, 16 ; Thucyd. 1, 144 ; id. 3, 57. 15 dpa 
puoTov = dpa /3tos jStwros eort, "is it worth the trouble of living" 
= life is truly wretched. 21 dXXd — dpa : conclusio a minore ad 
maius. dpa is ironical. 22 <S is the reading of the best mss., 
though three mss. of the inferior class have 8, which is also found 
in Eusebius, who quotes this passage. Probable as this reading 
seems, it is anything but necessary. Xojpaadcu (says Phrynicus in 
Bekk. Anecd. 1, 50), rovSe Kai T$8e, alTiaTLKr) kclI doriKrj, and this 
observation is borne out by the usage of the best writers, ovwdvai 
is, however, always connected with an ace. : yet the dat. y does not 
go against the usage of the best writers, e. g. Plato himself, Symp. 
201 B, <b/JLo\6y7)TaL od ivderjs eari Kai fir] 2x € h tovtov epav, where it is 
unnecessary to add 6 after Kai. The best instance is found in He- 
siod Theog. 429, $ 8' e#eXet jueydXm irapaylyveTai r)8' bvivr\<nv. 

Page 52, 2 ri lpov<riv — dXX' 6, ti : note the transition from the 
direct to the indirect question. Instances of the same kiud abound 
in Plato and other writers. — €pov<riv is constr. with a double accus. 
after the analogy of /ca/cd Xiyeiv rivd. — tI, tjfids : G. 165 ; H. 555. 
7 dXXd p,lv 8^j : comp. Crito's expressions above, 44 D. /jl4v with- 
out a subsequent 8e here = iir)v. 11 ri corresponds to Kai — ad in the 
following clause : comp. Charm. 157 E. 17 tcivtov : G. 79, 2, note, 
end; H. top of p. 69. 20 6jj.oXovov}xevcov, "acknowledged to be 
true ": comp. Aesch. adv. Ctesiph. § 13, to 8ok€lv uh dXr)dr) Xtyeiv, 
dpxaia 8k Kai Xiav ofxoXoyoTjfxeva. 22 dcfnevTwv, lit. " letting go " : 
comp. Apol. 29 C, eXetiOepov d<f>ie/JL€V. 29 D, el' fxe — eirl tovtols d(f>loire. 
25 p.f) . . . . §, i. e. opa ^rj — y, cf. 49 c. M. & T. 46, n. 4 ; G. 218, 
n. 2 ; H. 743, b. 

Page 53, 1 dvaptwcrKop.€Vcov y av : dv belongs only to dra/3. = 
Kai ol dv€f3i<h<TK0VT6 y dv. M. & T. 53, examples ; G. 226, 3. The 
verb is here used in an active sense, comp. edvirep — fxi) Swiofxeda 
avrbv dva$\.&<ja(jQai, Phaed. 89 B. In other passages it is a neuter 
in the sense of dvapi&vai. 2 Xo*yos ovtcos alpci, ratio ita vincit or 
evincit (cf. Hor. Sat. 1, 3, 115 ; 2, 3, 225) ; so Phileb. 25 D, otiSafjur) 
6 X670S alpei ; and very rarely with an ace. of the person, Bep. 10, 






CRITO. 



II 9 



607 b, 6 yap \6yos 7)ms yjpei. 3 |x-f| ovZiv : see note on jx-f} — 5, p. 52, 
L 25. So with p^rj ov 5{rj, 1. 8, below. 5 ical \dptTas, sc. %x 0VT€ s 
or KaraTLdefxevoi : here we have a zeugma, the reader being left to 
infer the participle from t€\ovvt€s, which precedes ; but in a similar 
passage, Cratyl. 39 B, we find the full expression x/o^ara eKdvois 
TeKovvra /cat x° L P LTas KararLd^evov. 8 v*jro\o*yi£€<r0ai, k. t. X. : see 
the similar passage ApoL 28 D. 12 8pco>€v: M. & T. 71 ; G. 244. 
15 iroXXdias, " again and again." 17 irclcras <r€, "with your ap- 
proval," &kovtos, "without your approval." In a gen. absol. the 
subj. is frequently omitted if it may be easily inferred from the pre- 
ceding words. 19 edv is rare in an indirect question after 6'pct and 
similar words. See Gorg. 501 B, CKdirei el 8ok€l vol Ikclv&s Xtyeadcu. 
Cron also considers this a rare form of the indirect question, but 
according to Goodwin (M. & T. 71, n. 1) "eav cannot mean wJiether; 
and when this introduces a clause resembling an indirect question, 
the expression is really a protasis with an apod, suppressed or im- 
plied." What ought to be the subject of the dependent clause 
forms the obj. of 6pa (prolepsis, H. 726). 23 Ikovtcxs dSiKiyreov 
ctvcu = eKovTas de?v aSineiv ; eKOPras agrees with ijpas, the omitted 
agent of the impersonal verbal d5iK7]Tiov. M. & T. 114, 2, end ; 
G. 281, 2 ; H. 805, fine print. 

Page 54, 2 Ikk€\v[j.€vcu, "said in vain": comp. itc/juv tt\ovtoj> 0* 
XPWcltcl, "lose one's money." The original sense of eKx&v may be 
presumed to be well known, and the metaphor is easily understood. 
rqXiKoiSc = ytpovres (see n. on p. 15, 1. 10) and yipovres is, there- 
fore, most probably a gloss ; but dvdpes is added in oppos. to irat- 
tW, which directly follows. 4 Sutcfc'povTcs : G. 279, 2 ; H. 801. 
5 iravrbs fidXXov or tolvtup p,., "above all ": Stallb. quotes Phaedr. 
106 e ; Symp. 223 a ; Hipp. mai. 295 E. 13 cos 01 -iroXXol ofov- 
Tat : on these words Stallb. has a long note showing that the maxim 
abiKovp.evov aira8iKeiv occurs in many passages of the ancient poets ; 
but it seems hardly necessary to transcribe here the passages quoted 
by him, as the iroWoi of our own time still maintain the same maxim 
both in theory and practice, and this after nearly 1900 years of 
Christian teaching. 

Page 55, 1 ols |xV| : G. 231 ; H. 835. 5 cos ... . Sfxovros is epex- 
egesis of evrevdev, which itself = £k ro&rov rov \6yov. 6 dSiKctv, 
dvTa$iK€tv, dp.vv€o-0ai : G. 183; H. 593. 8 apx^s : G. 170, 2; 



120 NOTES. 

H. 574, a. 10 to p.€Ta tovto is different from to ck tovtov : the 
latter denoting a logical consequence, the first merely local or tem- 
poral succession. Comp. €k tout cop, 1. 18. 19 p.^ ir€tcravT€S ri\v 
iroXiv = m d<pL€VT03v 'AOrjvaiiov above, 48 B. Comp. also 48 E. 
20 €jip.€vo[i€V ois wjjloX. is the common form of attraction instead of 
efijj.. rotjTOLS d (b/JLoX. diiccua 6vra. 24 r\\Liv depends on eXdbvres and 
iTruTT&vres, cf. Symp. 192 D, el avrdis — eiritTTas o"H.<f>aicTTos — ZpoiTo. 
25 €'i0' tfirws, k. t. X. is added in order to soften the preceding ex- 
pression airoSidpacTKeiv, which may be offensive to Crito, as it is 
generally used of runaway slaves. Cf. Legg. 1, 653 A, etre /xepQv 
effi arret, avrd KaXelv xP e &v ianv. 26 to kolvcv ttjs irdXccos, com- 
mune civitatis: cf. Cic. Verr. 2, 46, 63, commune Sicilian The 
same expression as here recurs, Legg. 4, 715 B ; 6, 676 b; 11, 928 
D ; 12, 955 d ; 948 E ; Protag. 319 D ; Eep. 7, 519 E. 28 dXXo ti 
i] : see n. on p. 13, 1. 11. , 

Page 56, 1 to o-bv jiepos : see n. on p. 47, 1. 19; here = Kad' octop 
8iJi>aaai, 51 A. 2 dva,T€Tpd<j>6cu has a different sense from dparpa- 
irrjvaiy as the perfect denotes the present result of an action ; hence 
here "to be a destroyed town" = " to be in ruins," or "to exist 
no longer"; whence it appears that etvcw is here emphatic, and 
means "to be safe." 6 dXXcos tc kcU p'/jTwp : an ironical hit at the 
gropes, of whom Socr. speaks also very slightingly in the Apology. 
7 d/iroXXvjiivov, "when it is in danger of being repealed." In or- 
der fully to understand the passage it should be observed that it 
was a usage at Athens, whenever a law was about to be repealed, to 
appoint proper crvvrjyopoi (advocates, so to say) to defend it and 
plead its cause. 8 8ti tjSikci, k. t. X. : For otl before a direct 
speech see n. on p. 8, 1. 3. M. & T. 79 ; G. 241, end. So in focos 
av etiroiev otl, seven lines below. *ydp is like the Latin enim vero 
(or enim alone in the comic poets) at the commencement of a sen- 
tence : yap stands here seemingly in the third place, but as the 
speech really begins with rjdiicei, it maintains its legitimate place 
after all. Instead of rjdUei Heindorf corrects adiKei, but the impf. 
may well stand of a past action, the effects of which extend to the 
time of the speaker, (fxpive is, of course, impf. like 7)8lk€l. Stallb. 
translates enimvero iniuste nobiscum civitas agebat, cum nos damna- 
ret et in carcere retineret. 9 to/utci $\ ti, sc. aWo, which is, how- 
aver, frequently omitted in questions of this kind. 13 ^ ko.1 



CRITO. I2 i 

Tavra, k. t. X., " did you and we also agree in this" (viz. that you 
should be permitted to question the laws and decrees of your native 
city), • ' or was our agreement simply this, that you were to abide 
by the judgment of the town ? " 14 als av : attraction instead., of 
as 6.v. 17 IpttTav T€ Kal airoKpiveo-Gai is only a periphrasis of dia- 
Xeyeadat. more explicitly denoting the characteristic feature of 
Socr.'s method of teaching. 19 irpcorov fie'v, k. t. X. : a correspond- 
ing ZireiTa 8e is wanting, as the construction varies in the sentence 
below, which ought to have been eVetTa 8' ou kclXQs irpoo-irarTov ol 
M rfj rpocprj re Kal ircu.8eia reray pivot. vofMOL, wapayyeXovres .... ircu- 
beveiv ; rj Kal tovtols /j.4fi<p€L ; 

Page 57, 1 Iv uovctikyj Kal Yvpvao-TiKTJ denotes the two principal 
parts of education (iratdeia). See the passage in the Protag. 325 C 
sq., where the whole subject of education is treated at great length. 
fj.ov<TiKT) comprises not only ypafiixara and KLddpiais (i. e. music in 
its modern sense), but also the study of poetry and literature. 
4 8ovXos, because 6 vojulos is deo-jrorrjs. In the same way Damaratus 
says to Xerxes (Herod. 7, 104) of the Lacedaemonians, eXevBepoi 
iSmres ov iravTa eXevdepol elcn- eireari yap crept 8eairoT7]S vbfios. Plato 
uses dovXeveiv in other passages also of obedience to the laws, and 
Cicero pro Cluent. 53, 146, says in the same sense : legum idcirco 
amines servi siumcs, ut liberi esse possimus. Crox. — avrds t€, 
k. t. X.: for this apposition see note on p. 41, 1. 18. 7 ko.1 <rv : I 
have here followed Stallbaum in adopting av with a great number 
of mss. of the second class, instead of croi, which is given by the 
Bodl. and other good mss., and is kept by Bekker and Hermann. 

9 4| i'o-ov tjv : the impf. stands like iyiyvero above, p. 51, 1. 9. 

10 irdcrxoLs : M. & T. 62 ; G. 233. 11 avTiXc'-yciv, dvTtTuirmv : 
explanatory of the preceding avmroieiv, and in appos. with it. In- 
stead of o{Jt€ .... otfre we should expect t4 . . . . re. The negative 
is due to the influence of the negative in ovk i£ i<rov fy, which is 
thus reinforced in a way which can hardly be imitated in transla- 
tion. Cf. Cron. 13 oJotc introduces the apod. Kal av 8e . . . . eVt- 
Xei>pr}<T€Ls, in which 8e is silent in translation. G. 227, 2 ; H. 862, 
b. 17 The epexegesis 6 ttj . . . . ImjieXofievos has much ironical 
force: see p. 29, 1. 5. 20 TiuiwT€pov : G. 138, n. 2, c ; H. 522. 
T) irarpis, "your native country." Comp. Cic. Off. 1, 17, 57, cari 
sunt parentcs, cari liberi, propinqui, familiares : sed omnes omnium 



122 



NOTES. 



caritates patria una complexa est : pro qua quis bonus dubitet mor- 
tem oppetere, si ei sit prof uturus ? 21 4v p.€i£ovt jJ-otpa, " in higher 
estimation," cf. Herod. 2, 172, rbv "Afjt,a<riv Alyrjirrtoi ev ovdepurj ixoipij 
peydXr) f\yov. 24 ir€t0€iv is used absolutely, like Apol. 31 e and 35 c, 
where we have ireideiv nai did&GKeiv. See also below c. 27 TpwGt]- 
<ro|X€vov : M. & T. 109, 5 ; G. 277, 4 ; H. 789, d. 

Page 58, 1 vireiKTeov, k. t. X. : The three verbs used here corre- 
spond exactly with the three ypa<f>ai darpareias, Sepias, Xeiirora^iov, 
all of which were punished by arista. Cf. in the Diet, of Antiq. 
the articles Astrateias Graphe and Deilias Graphe. 4 § ir€i0€i.v, sc. 
de?y but as the sense of del is contained in the preceding verbal adj. 
in -reov, it is not added. ■§ to Sikcuov it€<|>vk€, quomodo iustum com- 
paratum sit (Cron) : this is added to ireideiv, as this implies also the 
idea of diddaiceiv, see above B. 15 irpoa-yopcvoixcv should be joined 
with et-elvcu, and rep e£. weir, translated "by the legal permission 
granted to — ." 17 SoKip.a<r0T], sc. els avdpas, the Athenian equiva- 
lent of the Roman custom of assuming the toga virilis. The exami- 
nation (doKL/xaa-ia) to which a young Athenian was subjected in his 
18th year, before his name could be entered in the X-q^apx^bv yp., 
had particular reference to his birth and family. See Docimasia in 
the Diet, of Antiq. .21 els diroiKfav, to one of the Athenian colo- 
nies, e. g. Thurii or Amphipolis. The meaning, of ixeroiKetv may 
easily be inferred from the context. 22 On the optative, which is 
given by the mss. , Madvig justly remarks, in hac certae et definitae 
condicionis forma locum non habet. 24 The aorist irapajieiVT) is 
parallel with eireiddv doKL/uLaadfj above, 1. 17. 28 yevvTjrai sunt 
gentiles, sed yevvrjrai genitores. Stallb. The Bodl. ms. has yevt\- 
rcus with two accents, the Tub. ms. reads yevvrjTcus, and so most edd. 

Page 59, 1 6|xoXo7^<ras r\[klv ireiGecrGat : so I read with the best 
ms. (the Bodl. among the number). Buttmann and Hirschig write 
ireia-ecdoLi, and this is, of course, the tense required by rigorous 
grammar ; but see above, p. 56, 1. 13, (b/ioX6y7)ro .... e/jL/xeveiv, 
though Hirschig there also changes the ms. reading into e/mfieveiv. 
See M. & T. 27, n. 3, small print ; G. 203, n. 2. 3 irpoTiOcvTcov 
•fjfjuov, sc. t) ireideadai r) ireideiv. The same idea as in irpor. tj/uluju is 
then expressed in two other forms, the one negative and the other 
positive, and in the last place the words toijtojv ovderepa iroiel are 
added as a kind of repetition of the expression used before, ovre 



CRITO. j 23 

TreiOerai ofae ire'idei 17/xas. 9 4v tous jidXtoTa : tlie explanation of 
this phrase is given above, p. 44, 1. 15. 16 8ia<j>€pdvTa)s, i. e. more 
than other Athenians are in the habit of doing. The negation with 
&v extends its influence also to the following clause in its three 
divisions, teal ovte .... ovre .... ovre, k. t. X. 18 €is *Io-6[iov, to the 
Isthmian games. — 8, ti jjltj and ci |xtj have the same sense, "ex- 
cept." Others write Stl \xi) in this formula. 19 €i jatj irot <rrpa- 
T€vo-on6Vos : On Socrates' campaigns seep. 20, 1. 16. — diroS-qjiiav: 
after this Hirschig inserts ov8e,uLav : cf. p. 60, 1. 23, aXXrjv ovde/miav, 
and p. 63, L 5, ovbe aXXy tQv g&v ovdevi ; but it is perverse to infer 
a general law from such passages as these, and to correct others 
which are found to disagree with it. 22 elSe'vai is, strictly speak- 
ing, superfluous, and even ungrammatical according to Hirschig, 
who is for omitting the word altogether. But Stallb. shows that 
infinitives are often added in this way in the sense of a clause with 
were: cf. Gorg. 513 E ; Rep. 1, 342 d ; Phaedr. 242 B. 

Page 60, 1 €gfjv: M. & T. 49, 2, n. 3 ; G. 222, n. 2.— cjnryfjs n- 
fiTjo-ao-Gai : see ApoL 37 c, 36 B. G. 178 ; H. 578, a. 3 IkoXXw- 
mjov, "gave yourself airs": cf. Protag. 333 D. See also p. 6, 
1. 11, eKaWvvo/jLrjv re /cat ijppvvofirjv av. 13 <{>cojiev : M. & T. 88 ; 
G. 256. — dXXw ti ij: see note on p. 13, 1. 11. 16 av <j>ai€v: in- 
stances in which av is placed before the verb are numerous enough : 
see above others, Phaed. 87 B, rl odv av (pair] 6 \6yos £ti dinar els. 
17 tjh&s avrovs is not reflexive here : Cron comp. Phaed. 79 A, 
aWo tl t]/jl£)v avrwv 7} to julcv o~Q/jl& icm, to 5e ipvxy ; and below, 54 c, 
tcls <ravTov dfioXoylas re Kal %vv6rjKas tcls irpbs rjjxas. 19 kv £t€CTiv 
cpSofiTJKovra : see above, p. 2, 1. 11. Socrates is not quite so accu- 
rate here as above, 51 d. 20 €|fjv: see references on 1. 1, above. 
22 as 8-fj €K&<ttot€, k. t. X. : In the writings of Plato Socrates often 
praises the constitutions and laws of these two states, which were 
very much alike, as they were both of the Doric tribe, and the} 1 - are 
also often praised by other ancient writers ; in Xenophon also, espe- 
cially Mem. 3, 5 and 4, 4, Socrates expresses his admiration for the 
Lacedaemonian constitution on account of the strict observance of 
the laws by the citizens. Cron. — 8rj is ironical. 24 IXdrTw, k.t.X. : 
Cron quotes Phaedr. 230 c, where Phaedrus, walking with Socrates 
outside the town, observes crv M ye, & davfxacne, droirdjraTbs tls 
(paivei. dre^is yap ^evay ovfiivc^ tlvi /cat ovk iwLXupLy £ot/cas- ovtojs 



124 NOTES. 

itc rod dareos oxjt els tt)v virepopiav aTrodrj/JLeis, ovt ££w ret^ous t-fioiye 
8ok€ls to irapdirav e&evai, whereupon Socrates answers, GvyyiyvuvKk 
fjLOL, & cLpicTTe. <pLKo[xadi]s yap elfju.' tcl fxev ot>v x w ?' l(X KaL Ta 8ev8pa 
ovdcv /x edeXei, dt/cd<r/cett>, oi 8' ev tQ da-Tec dvdpwiroi. 27 SfjXov SVi, 
"as it appears." 8rjXov oti and (eg) old' otl are in Attic prose often 
used in influencing the grammatical construction of the sentence ; 
in later Greek 8t]\ov6ti is used as one word in the sense of "namely." 

Page 61, 1 dvev vo>cov : M. & T. 52 ; G. 226. 2 Ipjwvcis is the 
reading of the Bodl. m. 1 and of the other mss., while Bodl. m. 2 
has e/uLjuLevels, which is adopted by Bekker. dXX' ififieveis should, of 
course, be understood before edv rjfjuv, /c. r. X., but this is no reason 
against adopting e^/xeVts ; as Cron justly observes, Socrates himself 
would answer dXX' efijuevw. 3 KaTcryeXaoros : see above, 52 c. 
5 IJajiapTavwv is the reading of the Bodl. and many other good 
mss. , i£a/uLapTUP of the inferior mss. The single act of transgressing 
is expressed by the aorist, the remaining effect of being sinful by 
the present. 9 crxeSov ti SfjXov, prope manifestum = manifestissi- 
mum. 11 evvojiovvrat : see 52 E. Before and during the Pelopon- 
nesian war, a moderate oligarchy (dXtyapx^ci Ivovo/nos, different from 
the dvpacrTeia oXiywp during the Persian wars) existed in Thebes 
with political sympathies for Sparta ; Megara also possessed an oli- 
garchic government, and was on Sparta's side since the battle of 
Coronea (447). Cron. 12 ttj tovtwv, i. e. Qrffiaiwv /cat Meyapew. 
14 viropX€\|/ovTai : for the meaning of the prep. comp. ixpopav and 
i)TTo\pia> and in Latin suspicio and suspicor. 15 Sogav «o-T€ Sokciv : 
cf. p. 45, 1. 19. 25 to toO 2. irpo/yjjia, almost = tov 2a>/c/>dr?7 : cf. 
Hipp. mai. 286 E, (f>avXov ydp av etrj to c/ulov irpayp,a /cat ISicjtlkSv, 
"I should indeed be a wretched ignoramus." — &v <j>av€i<r0<u may 
be defended by av TroirjaovTos, p. 23, 1. 1 (see note and references), 
and by the instances in which av stands with a fut. infin. in Thu- 
cydides (6, 66 ; 5, 82, etc.), so that Hirschig's conjecture, dva<pa- 
velo-Qai, is quite unnecessary. 28 Ikci 7&p 8f|, k. t. X. : The 
Thessalians had the reputation of being licentious and luxurious : 
Demosth. Olynth. 1, § 22, says of them, rd tuv GeTTaXQv d^tcrra 
t)v dr) irov <f)6(T€i /cat det iracriv avdpdoiroLS. 

Page 62, 2 ^ 8i<|>0€pav Xapwv — ot cnroSiSp. : These words con- 
tain a further explanation of the preceding (TKevrjv t4 Tiva irepid. 
(TKevr) is the general word for any habit, while dicpdipa means a spe- 



CRITO. 



125 



cial kind. OXHK- 0, * s ^ ne wno ^ e appearance. 5 a>s to cikos, viz. 
according to the laws of nature. 6 €Td\p/rio-as, in a bad sense : cf. 
on p. 36, 1. 10, t6\/j.t)S. Stallb. justly explains ovk ycrx^ vo ) non eru " 
buisti. 8 €i 8£ [xtj = dv de" riva \vtttjs. 9 irdvTas dvOpwirovs is 
constr. with vwepxofAevos, but should also be understood for dovXeOujv : 
see on p. 51, 1. 22, y. 10 kv 0€TTaX£a is probably a gloss : at all 
events it is here unnecessary, and spoils the style of the whole pas- 
sage. 13 TjfJttv: G. 184, n. 5 ; H. 599. 16 Xva .... diroXaiJcra>- 
o-iv, " that they may also derive this benefit from you"; but airo- 
\aveiv is said ironically, as often in the best writers. To an ancient 
Greek it appeared the greatest misery to live in a foreign country : 
comp. Eurip. Electr. 1314, /ecu rives aXXcu <rrovax<d fxet^ovs rj 7??s ^ra- 
rp was opov eK\eiireiv. 17 avTOv, in Athens. 22 For ov\l IttiijlcXtj- 
o-ovtcu see n. on p. 17, 1. 20. 

Page 63, 1 irpb tov SikclIou, "in preference to justice": see Apol. 
28 E ; 29 B. 13 ot €V "AiSo-u vop.oi : comp. Soph. Antig. 430 fF. 
14 Kat is here used in the same sense as in comparisons. 15 |rrj 
.... ir€t<rr| : G. 254 ; H. 720, b. 18 Kop-uP<iVTia>vT€S : Kopv^avrtav 
is to conduct oneself like a Corybant, i. e. like a priest of the /xe- 
yd\r} Mrjrrjp, or the Phrygian Cybele, whose worship was celebrated 
with boisterous music and furious dances. 21 oVa Y€ . . . . 8o- 
KovvTa : " as far as my present opinion goes," i. e. as long as I hold 
my present opinion. Cf. the similar 6Va ye ravOpibireLa, p. 49, 1. 20. 
— idv Xeyrjs irapd ravra = eav dvTtXeyrjs, and as the Bodl. and 
other good mss. do not add tl after eav, we may safely omit it. 
13 6 0€os : for similar expressions of trust and confidence in divine 
guidance see above, 43 D and Apol. 19 A. 



THE END. 



DEMOSTHENES ON THE OEOWN, with Notes by 

Holmes. Revised and Edited by W. S. Tyler, Williston 
Professor of Greek in Amherst College. 16mo. Cloth. SI. 50. 



The changes made in revision by the American editor are 
many and important. The text, which now stands by itself, is 
preceded by an Introduction, containing a concise statement of 
the history of the Oration and an Analysis of the Argument, 
which may aid the student in understanding the skilful arrange- 
ment of the orator, and possessing himself of his masterly 
reasoning. In the notes, which are placed at the end of the 
book, many of the citations from Greek authors, and the super- 
fluous notes of the English editor, have been omitted, and their 
place filled by references to American grammars, and exact yet 
idiomatic translations of difficult passages. 

From Professor Taylor Lewis, Union College. 

" Professor Tyler's edition of Demosthenes's Oration on the 
Crown is a great improvement on the English one, both in its 
additions and its omissions. I know of nothing so well adapted 
to giving a student the fullest and clearest knowledge of this 
masterpiece of Greek literature. ,, 

From Professor J. It. Boise, University of Chicago. 

44 Professor Tyler, in his revision, has wisely omitted much 
that was entirely unnecessary, or out of place, in a work of this 
kind; and his additions are all of great value. The entire work, 
in its present form, seems to me excellent. I know of no hand- 
somer or better school edition of the Oration on the Crown 
published in any country.' ' 

From Professor O. M. Fernald, Williams College. 

44 Having examined Professor Tyler's revised edition of 
Holmes's De Corona, I can say that the changes seem to me 
almost invariably to be decided improvements, and the book, in 
its present form, is the best one I know of for college classes." 

From Professor A. Harkness, Brown University. 

44 1 have already expressed to Professor Tyler my high appre- 
ciation of his De Corona of Demosthenes, and shall take 
pleasure in recommending it as the best edition for college 
use." 



JOHN ALLYN, PUBLISHES, BOSTON, MASS. 



PLATO' S PHJEDO ; with Notes, Critical and Exegetical, 
and an Analysis, by W. Wagner, Ph.D. l6mo. Cloth. 
$1.50. 

This edition enters especially into the critical and grammatical 
explanation of the Phaedo, and does not profess to exhaust the 
philosophical thought of the work, least of all to collect the 
doctrines and tenets of later philosophers and thinkers on the sub- 
ject treated by Plato. 



From Professor H. M. Baird, University of the City of New 

York. 

"I have examined with considerable care the copy of Dr. 
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From Professor C. Harrison, University of the South. 

" 'The Phaedo, ' edited by Wagner, is evidently the work 
of a scholar, of a man who knows that a knowledge of Greek 
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DE TOCQUEVILLE'S 

DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA. 



TRANSLATED BY REEVE. 

Revised and Edited, with Notes, by Francis Bowen, Pro- 
fessor of Moral Philosophy in Harvard University. Sixth 
Edition. 2 vols. Svo. Cloth. $5.00. 

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— • — 

From tJie Washington Globe. 

By the common consent of all critics, this is the best work on Democracy in ancient 
or modern literature. It has had the universal good fortune to please men of all 
shades of political opinion, for the simple reason that, being the work of a man who 
strove to attain the just medium in all his opinions, who was a sincere seeker after 
truth, and whose chief, aim in life was the good of mankind, it bears throughout 
strong marks of impartiality, sincerity, and honesty. 

From the K. I '. Tribune. 

The more it is studied, the more reason one will find to admire the philosophical 
spirit which pervades every part, without being anywhere offensively obtruded ; its 
luminous method ; the accurate knowledge of our institutions which it reveals alike 
in their spirit and in their details; and the accuracy, clearness, and grace of the 
style. . . . Professor Bowen has subjected Reeve's version to a careful supervision, 
and has almost rewritten it. He has made it more correct and more compact by lop- 
ping off its redundancy and tightening its structure, so that it not only better repre- 
De Tocqueville, but it is better English. 

From the National Quarterly Review. 

De Tocqueville has become a classic in every literature in Christendom. His 
M Democracy in America'' is even where recognized as a standard authority. True, 
he wrote this work thirty years ago : at least a score have been written on the same 
subject since ; but his is worth five score. Yet it is a remarkable fact that the one 
now before us is the only edition in English of " Democracy in America " which is at 
all worthy of the author, or of the subject which he handles with such masterly skill. 



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